The history of agritourism and aspects of agritourism services management in Limanowa county

In the article institutions like agritourism associations and local authorities which take part in the process of agritourism services management in Lima­nowa County were presented. These institutions manages different matters like promotion and widely understood marketing. To aim it in the period Fe­bruary-March this year questionnaire researches were carried out in all ten rural communities in the county. In March this year questionnaire researches were carried out with the chambers of “The Agritourism Association of the Limanowa County” and “The Association of Tourism and Agritourism of Mo­untainous Regions”. Besides, history of agritourism development in this part of Malopolska Voivodeship was presented. It was made on the basis of data from the Tourism Institute in Warsaw and from results of researches carried out by the author of this article.

The present analysis is devoted to the financial autonomy of communes and the ways of understanding it. The author analyzes the legal, jurisdictional and actual determinants of the commune’s financial independence and points to the consequences following from them. The author poses a hypothesis that the constitutional value in the form of the financial autonomy of communes is not full realized by the parliament in contemporary Poland, with the Constitutional Tribunal underestimating it. The increase in the revenues of communes is not adequate to the duties assigned to them by the parliament. The consequences of the ongoing process include an increased debt of the communes and their problems with realization of the needs of local communities, the latter being the goal whose realization was the reason to have established the local self-government.

POLISH COMMUNE AND INTERNATIONAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT STANDARDS (THE LAST 25 YEARS – IN OUTLINE)

The article presents the lowest level of local government – a commune – against the background of international local government standards formulated by such organizations as the Council of Europe, UNDP, OECD, the World Bank, the European Union. Firstly, the evolution of these standards is presented – starting from European Charter of Local Self-Government, through European Charter of Local Self-Government, ending with The Strategy for Innovation and Good Governance at Local Level and European Governance. Then, the range of implementation of these principles in Polish local government is analyzed. It can be determined that external influence in the form of international standards has been one of the key factors shaping the Polish self-government in the last 25 years.

The right of the commune to associate in the light of applicable legal solutions

The purpose of this study is to analyze the constitutional legal regulation of the right of the commune to associate in the light of the applicable legal system. The starting point is to present the constitutional legal basis of the association. Next, accession to international associations by local government units was discussed. The next considerations concern international cooperation under European Union law. The last part of the work is an analysis of municipal associations in the light of the act on municipal self-government.