Ecological security is a state in which air quality compliant with the standards of air protection is ensured for members of society. An air quality plan is a legal instrument serving the restoration of air quality to the level required by law as soon as possible in case of the emergence and the persistence of exceedances of such standards. Members of society fearing the influence of bad quality air on their health have the right to demand judicial control of the effectiveness of such a plan. The possibility of demanding the restoration of ecological security in such a way results from the guarantees given them at the constitutional and EU level. National courts in Poland, which is an EU Member State, are obliged to respect those guarantees.

The article aims to draw attention to such an administrative procedure in which a citizen’s right to control administrative decisions issued by an administrative authority is guaranteed. This control is carried out mainly in the course of an instance examination of a case. The analysis of solutions in this respect against the background of constitutional guarantees will allow for the answer of whether legal solutions guarantee the right of an individual to hear an administrative case. The analysis of these solutions is based on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal and administrative courts and the views contained in the literature.

The Myth of Constitutional Liability

The article attempts to prove that the mechanism of constitutional liability, generally accepted in democratic countries, is largely based on a systemic myth, which is primarily of historical origin, but which does not correspond to the modern doctrinally distinguished functions of law, constitution and its guarantees. In this context, this particular type of legal liability of high state officials has been subjected mainly to a theoretical functional analysis and taking into account teleological criteria, as well as factors that affect its assumed and actual systemic shape.

National and Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Light of Constitutional Regulations

Poland has been a place of coexistence of various ethnic and national groups for centuries. Throughout history, state borders have changed, which has influenced the ethnic diversity of the country. As a result of these changes and population migrations, national and ethnic minorities live in Poland. The guarantee of protection of the rights and freedoms of these groups, preservation of their customs and traditions, and development of their own culture is the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as the international convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The aim of this article is to analyze the constitutional provisions in terms of the scope of protection of national and ethnic minorities living in Poland and the guarantee of their constitutional rights and freedoms.