Modern woman in the labor market and her role in society

Women are conquering the world, they have access to education and take advantage of this situation: there are more female students than male ones in the European Union, more and more women begin to obtain managerial positions, more and more of them is willing to be active in politics, culture and most of all they aim at being independent, sharing their time between professional carrier and taking care of their homes’ well-being. Stereotype images of both men and women that we find in every-day life, influence in a negative way our behavior, life aspirations and goals, as well as a picture of ourselves.

Now, more women (65% of all) than men study at the universities and an average Polish man is less educated than an average Polish woman. In spite of that, the men earned in 2010 per person more by 15% than women. In 2012 only 12,2% management board members of the Polish stock exchange com­panies were women. In the world, only one out of ten top‑level managers was a woman.

European Economic and Social Committee claims that the increase of wo­men’s activity on the job market is not only a matter of equality but a condition of the welfare of society and job creation in the European Union as well as the essential factor of the sustainable growth.

Knowledge management is not only technologically. Selected scenarios of media education classes
The theme of not only technological knowledge management using selected scenarios in media education is important for the knowledge society and ethics. The labor market expects effects and efficacy, which is not the same as universal values such as friendship or brotherhood. Finding the meaning of man in a world dominated by knowledge and mass media is an important issue. Thus the purpose of this article is to present personal competence in knowledge management. The aim of the research is to enrich pedagogy with knowledge about (non) technological competencies in selected scenarios of media education. The method of document analysis was used. It has been argued that media education in selected scenarios emphasizes the role of man in knowledge management. As a result, four categories of objectives were addressed, both for personal and technological competence. The conclusion is that not only man is governed by knowledge but also manages this knowledge.

Demographic changes connected with aging of Polish society shall determine the situation in the labor market to an ever-growing extent. The increase of average lifespan in combination with limited options of early retirement and smaller supply of employees shall lead to higher percentage of personnel aged 60 and more inside organizations. All these factors signify that more and more frequently contemporary companies shall function with personnel characterized by a truly large age gap. Undoubtedly, age of employees significantly influences their attitude to work, system of values, loyalty toward both the co-workers and the employer, as well their professional ambitions. In spite of these major differences, individuals from various generations will be forced to cooperate in the same teams. This article presents partial results of empiric studies dealing with the issue of generational diversification of human resources conducted in local labor market of the city of Ruda Śląska, both among the employees and employers. Opinions of employees and employers concerning the quality of mutual cooperation of individuals characterized by large age differences have been analyzed and simultaneously potential opportunities for mutual learning of employees belonging to different age groups have been presented.

The increasing flexibility and uncertainty of permanent employment as well as the complexity of career paths in the modern labor market makes the ability to acquire, maintain and change employment in the long term critically important. In a situation in which a professional career is perceived as a status owned by an individual, it is worth looking at factors determining employability in the individual and social dimension. All the entity’s activities aimed at investing in shaping their professional future have measurable value for increasing its competitiveness on the labor market, which is not without significance for building career capital. The aim of the article is to present the assumptions of the modern concept of employability and its importance for the individual’s career capital. The article also attempts to analyze the tasks set for education in the area of employability development of young people preparing to take up professional activity.

The article refers to the right to work of people with disabilities. The author explains the meaning of the terms “disabled person”, “disability” in the context of international regulations and national legislation. He also points to the foundations of the right to work in the context of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as the Act on Vocational and Social Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities. The author draws attention to international regulations of the UN and ILO in this field. The article outlines the realization of this right in the context of employment of people with disabilities in protected labor market entities and on the so-called open labor market.

Foreigners on the Polish labor market constitute a small percentage of all employees. However, since 2016 – that is, since the introduction of the “500+ program” – a dynamic increase in this group of employees has been observed, which suggests the growing demand for work of economic immigrants in Poland. In the population of working foreigners, the citizens of Ukraine constitute the most numerous group. Data from the World Bank, the Ministry of Development, Labor and Technology, the Social Insurance Institution and the Supreme Chamber of Control allowed the author to outline the social situation of economic immigrants in Poland, and to show that Poland is (among others) an economically attractive place to work, especially for Ukrainian citizens. The analysis of statistical data prompted the author to ask the question: Who are those who hide behind the numbers? The answer to this question was provided by biographical and narrative interviews conducted in a Ukrainian family. The conclusion resulting from the comprehensive analysis of the empirical material indicates that the Polish state in its internal policy with insufficient care protects the economic and cultural rights of economic immigrants and their children.

Features of the movement of the intellectual capital in market conditions

The article examines the nature, types and features of the motion of intellectual capital.

Problems and ways of optimization of the intellectual migratory transformations

The article describes the role and influence of intellectual migration in the socio-economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Already existing sources considering women and ethnic minorities in Russian Federation point out to the inequity in treating these groups on the Russian labor market. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent war between Russia and Ukraine arises question whether situation of previously discriminated groups has changed? Not only this is crucial for considered groups due to the crisis caused by the pandemic but also due to growing needs of the Russian army and another crisis caused by international sanctions. In this paper authors using desk research describe already existing position of women and ethnic minorities on the labor market in Russia and answer the question whether these social groups are treated equally in comparison to other groups existing on the labor market. This article also presents analysis of potential change in the approach to groups considered in the presented research.

Selected areas of women’s functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (compared to European Union countries)

The aim of the research is to analyze research reports, articles and diaries showing how women function during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of my analyzes was quantitative and qualitative data showing differences in the functioning of women and men during the pandemic, along with their real and potential consequences from the perspective of gender equality. Although I was mainly interested in the situation of women in the text, the adopted perspective of gender equality required me to often (for comparative purposes) compile data regarding men. The article attempts to answer the question: What changes in particular areas of women’s social functioning have been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? I decided to use nonreactive research using the method of analyzing existing data. My research shows that the Covid pandemic has caused unfavorable changes from the perspective of gender equality, not only in Poland, but also in other countries belonging to the European Union. Women suffered health consequences, felt exhausted by their duties and returned to stereotypical social roles. Despite the attempts to eliminate gender inequality in European Union countries (including Poland), the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reversed progress in these activities.