With the rapid development of Augmented Reality (AR), an increasing number of studies has been conducted to explore the effectiveness of this technology in the field of education. Few, however, have examined how AR might influence EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners’ vocabulary learning efficiency. To fill in this gap in the literature, the purpose of this study is to compare traditional English flash cards with the vocabulary learning method of Augmented Reality to see which English vocabulary learning is more efficient for elementary school students. The study was conducted at an elementary school in Taiwan, and the participants were 66 third grade pupils in total. The study was conducted at two stages in terms of data collection. At the first stage, the control and experimental groups took the same English vocabulary test without any teacher instruction as a pretest. At the second stage, the control group used flashcards to learn 20 target English words by themselves in 30 minutes. The experimental group adopted the Augmented Reality 3D effect of 20 target words by themselves in 30 minutes. After that, both groups took the same English vocabulary test again as a posttest. On the whole, Augmented Reality teaching effects apparently excel the effects of the traditional vocabulary learning methods. The results of this study have shown that the learning method of Augmented Reality was more efficient than the learning method using English flash cards at various proficiency levels (high, intermediate, and low) in terms of English vocabulary learning. The learning method of English flash cards had significant differences in high and low level groups as well as intermediate and low level groups, with the exceptions of high and intermediate level groups. It is worth improving children’s English vocabulary learning by using Augmented Reality in their daily lives in terms of mobile learning. 

The Internet and cyber-space create a platform where a new form has emerged, i.e., bullying, so far occurring mainly within school premises. The study presents results of empirical research conducted at selected elementary and secondary schools in Slovakia in 2017. The aim of the study was to elucidate the most frequent current cyber-bullying platforms and occurrence of individual forms of cyber-bullying with regard to cyber-victims. The research sample consisted of 1004 respondents, aged 10–20 (AM 14.9). Empirical data were collected using the method of questioning in the form of a written questionnaire. We focused on cyber-bullies, electronic platforms and identification of cyber-bullying forms from the point of view of cyber-victims and pupils’ gender and age. It was found out that 24.50% of pupils reported to have been cyber-victimized, girls more often than boys. The most frequent form of cyber-bullying from the point of view of cyber-victims was abusive or offensive language on the Internet and spreading rumours on the Internet.

The study maps cyber-aggressors in elementary and secondary schools, with regard to an analysis of cyber-bullying forms. The aim of the presented empirical research was to identify pupils in the research sample who had committed repeated aggressive behaviour towards another person via the Internet, as well as to find out significant differences in individual cyber-bullying forms by gender and attended school forms. The research sample consisted of 390 pupils of elementary schools and 541 pupils of secondary schools. Empirical data were collected with the use of the questionnaire method. 96 cyber-aggressors were identified in the research sample. They were pupils who ticked one or more statements relating to cyber-bullying forms, admitting that they had repeatedly used them. It was found out that the most frequent cyber-bullying form was insults, threats and name-calling in online communication, thus the so-called flaming

This study investigated dimensions of academic performance, learning motivation and learning attitudes by adapting peer tutoring as the major EFL classroom activities in an elementary school classroom. Exams, classroom observation, exit survey and comments after each class were administered as the source of research data. Results indicated that peer tutoring has a positive effect on tutors’ and tutees’ academic performance due to the increase in students’ grades. Students’ learning motivation and attitudes toward EFL learning also increased significantly. On the whole, the use of peer tutoring significantly contributed to better English ability, motivation and attitude.

This paper examines the relationship between students’ listening comprehension skills and their opinions and interest in learning English. The participants were 514 ninth-grade students in public elementary schools in the Republic of Kosovo. A standardised listening comprehension test was used to assess students’ listening skills, followed by a questionnaire covering a range of opinions and interest in learning English. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between proficiency in English listening and factors such as interest in learning English, perception of English as a motivating skill, and lower levels of learning difficulty. In addition, favouring a dedicated language school for learning English was found to be a significant factor in English listening proficiency.

Numbers are fundamental mathematical concepts that underlie various other mathematical principles. This research investigates the relationship between number sense and the numeracy abilities of fifth-grade elementary school students. A cross-sectional survey method was used, with 205 respondents voluntarily participating. The results showed a reciprocal relationship between number sense and numeracy in elementary school students. Emphasising number sense can enhance flexibility in numeracy solutions. Number sense can be developed through assigning math tasks related to the students' environment or associating it with other learning processes. The study emphasises the importance of number sense in the primary school mathematics curriculum.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a digital citizenship learning model on elementary school students’ digital citizenship and academic interests. Two sixth-grade classes were chosen for the study. The experimental group (n=20) received instruction using the model, while the control group (n=20) received traditional lecture-based instruction. The results demonstrated that the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in digital citizenship and academic interests compared to the control group. This study firmly established that digital citizenship learning models effectively enhance elementary school students’ digital citizenship and academic interests.