This paper is a hermeneutic analysis of selected academic publications. This paper examines a number of issues related to undertaking social roles by adults with disabilities and the problem of their postponed transition to adulthood, restricting or delaying developmental tasks typical of adulthood, which has negative implications and may exacerbate disability. Support provided by various entities and institutions may reduce existing barriers and enhance their social integration. Both positive and negative effects of using social support by people with disabilities have been pointed out. Sources of social support have been listed along with their specifics. The analysis included the disabled person’s gender, as it determines the nature of support and its reception. Finally, the need for personalised support was emphasised along with risks resulting from institutional discrimination. The role of local community was highlighted as it corresponds to the concept of community-based support and the need to promote various initiatives aimed at integration and normalisation of life for people with disabilities.

This paper deals with the burnout syndrome among students in the context of selected demographic characteristics of respondents, frequented level of study, satisfaction with the study, frequented study program, study performance and the vision for their future careers. The study aims to identify the possible predictors of the burnout syndrome among the students and identify the risk groups of students. Altogether 350 students from the Faculty of Education participated in the research, and the SBI (School Burnout Inventory) questionnaire was used to measure the burnout syndrome. The main findings include the rate of school burnout, with almost 18% of students exhibiting a high level. Using the method of classification trees, variables such as age and the overall satisfaction rate with the study were identified as predictors on the “Cynicism” subscale; grade average, age and field of study on the “Inadequacy” subscale, and no predictor was identified on the “Emotional Exhaustion” subscale. These results were complemented by qualitative interviews with the students and a teacher training specialist.

Background: The issue of grandparents’ support provided to their families is undertaken in Polish literature very seldom. There are no studies concerning single mother families. The purpose of the article is to examine the extent to which grandparents provide support to grandchildren brought up in single mother families, and determine the relationship between the grandparents’ support and the grandchildren’s quality of life. Materials and Methods: The survey data were collected from 119 people from single mother families. The Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale SLSS was used to test the quality of life and the Social Support Scale (SWS) was used to test the strength and type of support from grandparents. Results: Mother’s parents are involved in each of the considered types of support in a higher degree than father’s parents, regardless of the place of residence of the single mother family. In small towns maternal grandparents provide information support more often than paternal grandparents, maternal grandmothers engage in instrumental aid to grandchildren more often than paternal grandparents. In cases of families living in large cities, when the paternal grandfather gives instrumental, emotional or evaluative support, grandchildren assess their quality of life significantly better. The assessment of quality of life is also higher in cases of maternal grandfather’s emotional engagement in support for grandchildren. Conclusions: The results suggest that the grandfathers’ (particularly paternal grandfather’s) support in the single mother family is positively connected with quality of life of grandchildren. It can be assumed that supporting grandparents contribute to strengthening the resilience of whole family.

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic anxiety experienced by students in Poland and its impact on their: social support, satisfaction with studying online and expectations of success in life. The data was obtained from a survey of Polish public and private university students. The research presented here examined the environmental and psychosocial effects of social withdrawal during the first period of the pandemic on the well-being and confidence in their chances for success in academic study. Recognising the individual and social condition of adolescents standing at the threshold of social maturity is essential to understanding the pedagogical and motivational consequences of institutional anti-pandemic regulation.

Peculiarities of the manifestation of the phenomenon of sustainability and copy strategies of personal behavior in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic

Global transformations of all aspects of society lead to increased demands on individual resources. For young people, resilience and constructive coping strategies to overcome stressors are one of the most important features for building effective interpersonal interaction and professional development. In psychological practice, there is a need to accumulate existing psycho-correctional methods and innovative technologies that will promote the development of young people’s vitality. The article concretizes the scientific idea of the meaning of “viability” and coping strategies of personality behavior, identifies structural components of vitality and features of coping strategies of personality behavior in pandemic conditions, identifies approaches to the development of personality sustainability and constructive coping strategies of hammer behavior, as well as their practice-oriented opportunities (approaches: systemic, personal-activity, subjective) are revealed. The theoretical significance of the study is that its results expand scientific ideas about viability and constructive coping strategies of youth behavior as a personal resource for overcoming life difficulties as a result of pandemic conditions, psychological resources for personal vitality and the possibility of introducing innovative technologies constructive coping strategies of youth behavior. The observational experiment aimed at diagnosing the viability and analysis of the dominant coping strategies of youth behavior took place on the basis of the Laboratory of Psychophysiological Research of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University. The results of an empirical study provide an opportunity to talk about the mostly negative state of young people during quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of stress and depletion of adaptive resources, increased levels of anxiety, the negative impact of emotional reactions of individuals on activities and interpersonal relationships - the result of forced change in the world. But, at the same time, there is a desire to use rational, adaptive coping strategies that help the individual to survive a stressful situation for the body while maintaining psychological well-being. The results of the study can be used in psychological counseling, as well as in the training and retraining of teachers and psychologists. Innovative in the context of practical significance is the use of modern computer technology, such as the НС-psychotest, which includes many different psychological and psychophysiological techniques that allow for a multilevel approach to solving practical diagnostic problems. The promising vector outlines ways to develop and test a comprehensive program “Self-management: resilience, resourcefulness, constructive coping strategies of behavior” with elements of AR-technologies in the development of personality resilience in a modern higher education institution.

Seeking and experiencing the social support by people with a homosexual orientation

The article presents the results of a study on the subject of seeking and experiencing the social support by homosexual people and the social attitudes they experience (fear of rejection, lack of understanding, discrimination, acceptance). The study used the original questionnaire, which was completed by 108 people with a homosexual orientation. The research material was collected using the snowball method. The research of the results indicate the search for support in various people/groups depending on the crisis situation affecting homosexuals. The group by which they feel supported and accepted are primarily their friends, and the person with whom they most often seek and experience support in the family environment is their mother. A significant percentage of the respondents also benefit/ed from the support of specialists. Most homosexual people don’t feel accepted in Poland, pay attention to the sense of social exclusion, discrimination, fear of revealing their homosexual orientation in the sphere of social life and their own family. All these factors can cause an increased need to seek and receive social support.

Polish contemporary school, being subject to reform, now faces a difficult task of preparing students for their functioning in a dynamically changing reality. Apart from the tasks in the field of education and care, it also seems crucial to perform a pro-employment function. The introduced article takes the sociopedagogical stand, in which strong emphasis is put on social support for students (pro-social activity of the institution) and treating altruism as a crucial pedagogical task.

This validation study deals with verification of the Czech version of CASSS. The questionnaire comprises 60 items. Students assess the frequency of each event described by an item and its importance. The research was realized on a sample of 274 grade 6 to 9 students and yielded similar psychometric properties as the original American version of CASSS (2000). The factor analysis identified five-factor structure corresponding to the variables of parents, teacher, classmates, best friend, and people in school. Factor loadings ranged from 0.31 to 0.87 (compared with 0.52 to 0.81 in the original version) within each of the five components. The identified structure explains approximately 48 % of variance. Reliability estimated using Cronbach alpha was computed for each subscale (parents, teacher, classmates, best friend, and people in school). The coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.93 (compared with 0.92 to 0.95 in the original version). Cronbach alpha for the whole questionnaire is 0.95 (compared with 0.96 in the original version). The method can be used within the conditions of Czech schools to determine the actual state of individuals and groups, individual counselling and evaluation of intervention effects.

In the face of maintaining a high level of morbidity of civilization diseases, the etiology of which is to a large degree connected with scarcity of physical activity (obesity, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus etc.), an education dealing with participation in physical culture has become an important social task. In order to be efficient the process should be aimed at developing psychological and behavioural determinants of physical activity but also building social relationships enhancing an active life style. One of the mechanisms through which social environment may influence physical activity of children and youth is social support. The paper presents the results of the study of four kinds of social support for physical activity (instrumental, informational, emotional and evaluational) received by pupils at the age of 14 to 18 from their parents, peers and physical education teachers. The results suggest that the most often received form of support is emotional one (especially from parents and peers) and the least frequent – instrumental support, which is a more direct form of support than the above mentioned one. Moreover, the frequency with which respondents receive social support for their physical activity significantly differentiates particular categories of significant others, with the most rare support from physical education (PE) teachers. Also an interesting phenomenon was observed of parents’decreasing social support for physical activity of girls as they are growing up.

The subject of the study is the analysis of relations between the sense of coherence (SOC) in adolescents and their perception of parental attitudes and support received from both parents. The dependence between the level of SOC in adolescents and parents’ education and material status of the family have also been taken into account. The study group consisted of 105 people aged 17–18, boys and girls – secondary school pupils. The obtained results confirm a considerable part of the assumptions included in the hypotheses indicating the existence of a significant dependence between the rejection attitude of both parents and SOC, demanding an attitude of both parents and a protective attitude of father and SOC. The dependence between global, information and instrumental support received from mothers and SOC and between emotional support from fathers and SOC were confirmed. However, it turned out that loving and liberal attitudes of both parents do not show any relation with SOC. No dependence was found between evaluative support and the level of the sense of coherence in adolescents. The study shows that the education of both parents and the material status of the family are of significant importance in forming the level of SOC.