The study focuses on pupils’ aggression towards teachers. The goal of the study was to determine a statistically significant relationship between the forms of aggressive behaviour and the age of teachers and the length of their teaching experience. The research sample consisted of 268 teachers of elementary schools, secondary vocational schools and grammar schools in the region of Banská Bystrica. Results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between teachers’ age and the years of teaching experience in three forms of aggressive behaviour: refusal to obey instructions, intentional disruption and ironic remarks. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the length of teachers’ teaching experience and destruction of school property.

Teacher competences and competences in teaching media education
Media education is a relatively new field of knowledge in Poland. Continuous research into the meaning and role of media education is ongoing. The media has a great impact on society, as well as its youngest members: children and adolescents. In particular, the didactic and educational process of which they are participants. In order to clarify how media education should be implemented, the importance of media education for the didactic process has been taken into account in this paper, taking into account the role of the educational environment as a family and discussing the competences and problems of teachers implementing media education in school settings. One of the main elements was discussing the difficulties encountered in the work of a teacher who often did not have the necessary academic or didactic preparation to carry out media education in a variety of subjects. As a result, the quality and level of competency acquired by students is much lower than in countries such as Finland or the United Kingdom, where examples of good practice in developing skills not only of pupils but also of educators.

The concept of the art of building teacher’s skills and tools is seen as a potential for proficiency in didactic and educational activities. Individual predispositions conducive to teachers’ predictable and/or creative activities are demonstrated. R. J. Sternberg’s investment theory of creativity, which fits into the phases of teachers’ professional development, turns out to be helpful in forming their skills and tools. In each phase, both methodological models and creative solutions are sought, and as such, they are discussed by means of theoretical divagations and selected research findings.

School is the basic institution introducing into the world of civic values and shaping prosocial attitudes and behaviors. Properly shaped social and intercultural competences are essential for proper functioning in everyday life, which is why in the education process they should be constantly developed and concern both teachers and students. By taking an active part in the mutual learning process, individual individuals can become citizens of the world with high competences. In addition to theoretical considerations regarding the desirable competences of teachers and educators working in a multicultural classroom, the article presents statements of representatives of the pedagogical group allowing to estimate their social and intercultural competences and their self-esteem in this regard.

Położenie geograficzne może być czynnikiem sprzyjającym nawiązywaniu bliższych międzysąsiedzkich relacji. Dzisiaj liczne granice – tak jak właśnie polsko-czeska – mają charakter „zdematerializowany” i istnieją w pamięci i świadomości ludzi. Czy jednak rzeczywiście bliskie sąsiedztwo, podobne uwarunkowania społeczne i kulturowe a nawet bliskość językowa powoduje, że poszukujemy wiedzy o swoich sąsiadach? W naszym kraju od kilku lat możemy obserwować swoiste zafascynowanie Czechami. To wszystko ma swój wymiar ogólnopolski. Czy jednak sytuacja na pograniczu, a więc w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie, jest podobna? W realizowanych przeze mnie badaniach wśród nauczycieli mieszkających na pograniczu polsko-czeskim interesowało mnie, jak respondenci oceniają swoją wiedzę o Czechach i jak opisują swoich sąsiadów.

The study focuses on some aspects of plurilingual and intercultural competences of future teachers-their theoretical outcomes and data from comparison of two research studies. After presenting the main concepts and situation in Slovakia, it describes and compares aims, samples, methodology and data from 2 studies (2002, 2015) on the perception of the need to use various foreign languages and cultures, especially in the performance of the teaching profession. Their comparison gives evidence about areas in which it has grown.

The article presents the meaning of professional work as experienced by teachers in the midlife transition period (the concept by P. Oleś). Qualitative research conducted with the use of an autobiographical method (a reference to the journal writing tradition of F. Znaniecki and his followers, including pedeutology experts) has been placed within the framework of everyday life sociology as presented by A. Schütz, P. Berger and T. Luckmann, and P. Sztompka. The purpose of the presented study is to focus on how the stage of one’s development influences the quality of work and determines the meaning and importance of professional experiences. In order to describe it, a reference has been made to the research conducted among 6 female teachers in the midlife transition period.

The author of the article expresses the opinion that teachers’ professional activity, their professional and personal development is an important multidimensional and multi-faceted problem that requires an in-depth analysis. One of effective ways of solving the problem would be to study the needs of teachertraining, since the gap between professional education received in higher educational institutions and the upgrade of qualifications which takes place every five years, as well as lack of motivation for professional development, fail to contribute to the overcoming of many negative phenomena (pedagogical crises, pedagogical burnout, professional stagnation). The article describes the categories of development (personal and professional) and educational needs (of modern teachers) and investigates the peculiarities of forming teachers’ educational needs. Research results among different age groups are presented. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of the demand for educational needs, to assess the quality of educational services which are provided, to identify the driving motives, as well as to determine the prospects for improving the effectiveness of educational activities within this category.

Formalna i nieformalna relacja między nauczycielem a uczniem jest istotnym aspektem, który bezpośrednio przekłada się na jakość procesu edukacyjnego. Z perspektywy inkluzji istnieje jeszcze większa potrzeba skupienia uwagi także na płaszczyźnie relacji nauczyciela i ucznia z innego kręgu kulturowego, ponieważ specyfika społeczno-kulturowa przenika do codziennych interakcji w szkole i w istotny sposób warunkuje motywację i uczenie się ucznia romskiego. Celem prezentowanych w artykule badań było wyjaśnienie istotnych aspektów relacji nauczyciel-uczeń, które mają wpływ na młodych Romów, oraz na ich postrzeganie szkoły i edukacji. Z badań wynika, że za istotne aspekty można uznać postrzeganie nauczycieli przez uczniów (koncepcje wstępne), poziom otrzymywanej pomocy i wsparcia, nierówności i dzielenie się z uczniami informacjami o ich perspektywach.

Artykuł przybliża czytelnikowi wybrane aspekty obrazu nauczyciela akademickiego w deklaracji grupy studentów polskich i zagranicznych. W związku z zwiększającym się udziałem studentów z zagranicy w polskim rynku edukacyjnym autorka poszukiwała odpowiedzi na temat oczekiwań studentów związanych z rolą nauczyciela akademickiego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych aspektów roli nauczyciela w opinii studentów zagranicznych oraz polskich. Badanie opinii studentów zostało przeprowadzone w maju i czerwcu 2019 roku w Akademii WSB w Dąbrowie Górniczej, gdzie uczą się studenci z Polski, Ukrainy i wielu innych krajów świata. Autorka zakładała, że z powodu różnic kulturowych obraz nauczyciela akademickiego w oczach poszczególnych grup studentów może się różnić. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika jednak, że studenci, co prawda, preferują różne formy zajęć, ale niezależnie od kraju, z którego pochodzą, oczekują aktywnego i energicznego nauczyciela, przekazującego wiedzę w sposób jasny i zrozumiały, będącego profesjonalistą w swojej pracy.

There is a certain amount of research that proves that positive emotions and mood play an important role in creative human activity (Abele-Brehm, 1992; Tokarz, 2011; Kunat, 2015). Particularly valuable is ability to recognise emotions and communicate them. It is also important to accept experienced emotions, gain a skill to react accordingly as well as ability to evoke and regulate emotions. According to Salovey and Mayer’s model, the aforementioned dispositions are elements of emotional intelligence. It turns out that emotional intelligence can stimulate creative activity since it enables management of emotional expenditure (Nęcka, 2001). The paper presents results of research conducted among teachers of primary schools. It was assumed that there is a correlation between emotional intelligence and creative activity of teachers. The research can contribute to development of emotional skills of teachers and to intensify their creative activity. That, in turn, can translate into shaping of innovative school environment that fits the needs of contemporary young person - a student.

The primary aim of this article is to present the results and research findings of a pilot study on teachers’ attitudes manifested toward the idea of society 5.0. The study is a part of one of the priority research areas of the Silesian University of Technology – Processes automation and Industry 4.0. in terms of the socio-cultural and methodological implications of Industry 4.0. Eighty-four teachers participated in the research and completed the questionnaire electronically. The research bores the characteristics of a preliminary diagnosis of the problem. Hence, the collected empirical material does not allow the formulation of methodologically valid conclusions. However, it may constitute a “voice in the discussion” on the preparation of teachers for the inevitable change of the role of the school and the teacher in the new society.

The text presents a weighty problem of the authority in pre-school education, which as an element of educational practice plays a decisive role in the process of generating cultural awareness of the child. The direct subject of the analysis are fragments of teacher-student dialogues that focus on the problem of authority; its practical exemplification is St. Francis (also the patron of the kindergarten in which the research was carried out). The teacher is participation in the process of transmitting knowledge about authority and in creating an emotional relationship between authority and student is particularly interesting. The problem of authority, which was essential for the article, turned out to be important for recognizing the importance of the so-called pedagogy of authority within which the child’s identity is at stake. In this sense, the article is a contribution to the discussion on the construction of the child’s subjectivity in the institutional context.

Aktualnie antropologia pedagogiczna staje się integralną dyscypliną w procesie edukacyjnym. Człowiek jest badany z punktu widzenia historii i kultury, w okresie przemian politycznych i ekonomicznych oraz na każdym poziomie rozwoju społecznego. Współczesny świat jest niezwykle różnorodny i niejednoznaczny. Narastają nierówności społeczne na wszystkich poziomach, rośnie liczba ubogich, pojawiły się nowe światowe problemy migracji i uchodźców. Zobowiązuje to również antropologię pedagogiczną, aby pomagała pedagogom w szybkim i skutecznym rozwiązywaniu palących problemów związanych z edukacją i wychowaniem. Artykuł pokazuje, jak prace naukowe rosyjskiego filozofa Jerzego Szczedrowickiego mogą pomóc współczesnej antropologii pedagogicznej. Podano ogólną ocenę wkładu J. Szczedrowickiego w rozwój antropologii pedagogicznej i zwrócono uwagę na aktualność praktyk naukowych naukowca, które nie straciły aktualnie na znaczeniu i mogą być wykorzystywane zarówno w pedagogice, antropologii pedagogicznej, jak i edukacji międzykulturowej.

The subject of the article covers issues related to the presence of neoliberal educational messages in school practice. The study contains an analysis of the teacher’s narrative, the purpose of which was to identify and describe elements that fit into neoliberal assumptions of education. The reconstruction of everyday school life (micro level) enabled the manifestations of instrumentalisation of education, rivalry and competitive aspects in the teacher’s work and the practice of forming homo oeconomicus at school. Commodification of an individual in free market conditions is reflected in a profit-maximizing school, i.e., achieving high results in external examinations owing to an educational process organized effectively, and minimizing costs by, for example, selecting students and by eliminating the “maladjusted” from schools. In the text, I outline a portrait of a teacher functioning professionally, who builds his profession on the foundation of neoliberal assumptions about education. I analyze the teacher’s understanding of school education, which is present in the teacher’s narratives, as a space for a specific market game and competition, defining the effectiveness of school work by high level of students’ examination results and the original concept of working with a supervised class reduced to the implementation of a business project.

The aim of the study was to map teachers’ preferred approaches to handling bullying among students. The scaled Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman et al., 2008) was used. The structure of the research tool was determined using exploratory factor analysis indicating the existence of 5 dimensions. The good fit of the model to the actual data was verified using confirmatory factor analysis returning very good values of the good fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR, GFI). 696 teachers of the elementary school second level participated in the research. Their mean age was 46.53 years (SD = 9.34) and the mean length of their experience was 21.10 years (SD = 10.44). Male teachers scored statistically significantly higher on the dimension „Disciplining the bully“; teachers who had obtained their qualification through a supplementary pedagogical study scored statistically significantly lower on the dimension „Ignoring the incident“ and higher on the dimensions „Enlisting other adults“ and „Disciplining the bully“; class teachers scored statistically significantly higher on the dimension „Working with the bully“; teachers having received anti-bullying training within their continuing education scored statistically significantly higher on the dimensions „Working with the bully“ and „Enlisting other adults“; teachers with functions aimed at sorting out students’ problem behaviour scored the lowest on the dimension „Ignoring the incident“. Neglectful and weak effects were identified of the differences in resulting values. Also, a weak direct dependence appeared between working with the bully as the preferred approach and the length of teachers’ experience.

Within the context of lifelong learning, it is necessary for teachers to improve their competencies, including the competencies in the use of digital media. The paper presents partial results of research carried out within the VEGA 1/0913/15 project on Media Literacy of Young School-Age Children in the Context of Family and School Cooperation, while it also analyses the need to develop digital literacy, which is part of the VEGA 1/0748/20 project on Diagnosing Digital Literacy of Primary School Teachers in the Context of Undergraduate Training and Educational Reality. The empirical research had a diagnostic as well as quantitative and qualitative character. The subject of the research was media education of younger school-age pupils implemented in both formal and informal ways in Slovakia. The research involved 28 schools from all over Slovakia. The paper focuses mainly on the findings obtained from the questionnaires filled out by primary school teachers, interviews conducted with school management and content analysis of school educational programs. It focuses primarily on the interest of teachers in further training in media education.

The paper presents partial results of a quantitative research survey that deals with the views of teachers of Czech Language and Literature at lower-secondary schools in the Vysočina Region on the implementation of the Shoah theme when teaching literature. In the paper we present the results of this hypothesis validation: 1) teachers whose second field of study is History have a higher implementation rate index than teachers otherwise certified; 2) teachers looking for books with historical themes to read during their own leisure time have a higher implementation rate index than other tested teachers; 3) male teachers show a higher implementation rate index than female teachers; 4) teachers with 20 years’ experience (inclusive) and more show a higher implementation rate index than those with experience of 19 years or less.

The article discusses the factors that support the motivation of teachers to implement school projects. Based on Self-Determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000), we present specific factors that influence and stimulate the motivation of teachers with regard to the perception of autonomy or control. What is essential for autonomous motivation is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence), whereas external incentives have an impact on controlled types of motivation. The results also point to important motivational factors underlying participation in school projects, that is, the perception of the personal significance and meaningfulness of the project.

Many authors have spoken against controlling environments and in favour of autonomous ones. In order to estimate perceived autonomy levels in the classroom, we decided to compare teachers’ perceptions with students’ ones, gaining a more accurate idea of the autonomy levels present in the classroom. The study participants (231 students, 18 teachers) provided data which showed how the teachers’ perceptions differ from the students’ ones in all cases, generally the teachers rating autonomy levels higher than the students. We also found indicators of differences present among teachers of the same subject areas as well as in terms of the students’ gender, school and age.