Intention of this article is to test of defining attempts of the notion of discourse in the context of the interdisciplinary formulation. It appears here not only as the gathering of texts treat the connection of the statement with the definite conditions of her rise. Such approach founds the existence of interaction among the individual kinds of discoursive behaviours and the specific areas of the social life. The author tries to exchange features of discourse as one of the dimensions of the politics. He also shows the possibilities of use of the discoursive perspective in the methodology of political sciences. The analysis political discourse is correct only when it unites the proprieties of discoursive structures with the proprieties of political processes. One of the limitations the methodological mistake relates to the level of the text exclusively. These problems can be tackled on the basis of the complex analysis the title category presented in the paper.

The essay deals with Montesquieu’s methodology of history. My crucial assumption is that Montesquieu intends to cultivate history as science. In the 18th century this ambition meant that he wanted to use the analytical method in the field of history. His works include many examples of the successful exploitation of analysis. Since the philosopher does not consider his methods, my aim will be to extract from his works the ideas that stand behind his historical investigations. In other words, I am going to answer how history can be practiced as science (in the Enlightenment sense of this term). First of all, I am going to explain why analysis was – and still is – so efficient in a realm of natural phenomena. My point will be that it indicated to early modern scientist how they should conduct their experiments. On the other hand, experiments give advantage to scientists due to the fact that they are able to construct and control their object. To put it differently: analysis and experiments are efficient because truth and action are convertible. Now, my crucial question is: ‘Are historians capable of gaining advantage over their objects as physicists are?’ Giambattista Vico, for example, agrees. According to him, researchers can comprehend historical events because history is man-made. Some parts of Montesquieu’s works indicate that he shares Vico’s assumptions. Hence, historians are able to scrutinize past factors, and they can perform thought experiments. Such experiments are means for validating and abolishing hypotheses by using counterfactuals.

This paper presents an application for extracting features used in the process of education of politicians based on Open Source technologies, for extracting features from the public press; it enables the user to analyze data from text files and from the Internet. The analyzed data are from the field of politics, a topic which is both a current one and a cyclic process, occurring every four years for the parliamentary elections and every five years for the presidential elections. A specific political vocabulary was compiled for feature identification and analysis and for the interpretation of results obtained.

The study analyzes qualitatively the organizational changes steered by the Results Based Finance program (RBF) in Zimbabwe using a case study of Marondera and Zvishavane districts. The research findings are based on the key informants’ responses from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Some qualitative information was sourced from field observations and institutional RBF reports. It was established that significant organizational changes had been driven since the launch of the RBF program in the Marondera and Zvishavane districts in 2011. The changes were categorically stipulated in the RBF program implementation manual. The responsibilities of executive members at both the district and provincial levels expanded. Some of the changes include the introduction of District Steering Committees (DSCs) and Community Based Organizations (CBOs). Furthermore, Health Centre Committees (HCCs) were engaged in implementing the RBF program. Nevertheless, the organizational changes were not augmented by capacity building and empowerment amongst the CBOs, HCCs, and DSCs. Moreover, there was no adequate material and financial support for the new changes. Thus, there is a need to reinforce the organizational changes of health financing programs through robust capacity building among stakeholders engaged.

The topic of the paper corresponds with the authors’ effort to support the professional development of music education teachers leading to the creation of various structures of further education. On a selected sample it particularly analyses the educational needs of the target group of respondents – music education teachers of standard schools with traditional educational programs. It studies the formation of conditions for introducing didactic innovations, transfer of experience and approaches to education in the area of music education.