- Author:
Brygida Kuźniak
- E-mail:
brygida.kuzniak@uj.edu.pl
- Institution:
Jagiellonian University (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-3274
- Author:
Ihor Zeman
- E-mail:
izeman@ukr.net
- Institution:
Ivan Franko University of Lviv (Ukraine)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-6491
- Published online:
20 October 2022
- Final submission:
18 July 2022
- Printed issue:
December 2022
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
10
- Pages:
85-94
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202247
- PDF:
ppsy/51/ppsy202247.pdf
The article aims to address the following question: in the case of a war in Ukraine, is public international law an obstacle to the application of combined international enforcement action within the framework of the collective security system under the auspices of the United Nations, or whether such impediments lie elsewhere? Russia’s presence in the Security Council as a permanent member, and thus endowed with the privilege of vetoing resolutions, paralyses this body. Therefore, the subject of the analysis is what other actions of the United Nations are permitted by law. It is important for assessing the status of the UN as a collective actor in international relations, the main objective of which, under Art. 1 of the UN Charter, is “to maintain international peace and security, and, to that end: to take effective collective measures for (…) the suppression of acts of aggression”. Bearing in mind the fact that international law is a consensual legal order, the article assesses its available compulsory mechanisms and instruments. The supplementary objective is to determine whether it is permissible to use the term “war” with regard to the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
- Author:
Катерина Мілютина (Кatherine Milutina)
- E-mail:
katerinamilutina1963@gmail.com
- Institution:
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-2989
- Author:
Надія Садівнича (Nadiia Sadivnycha)
- E-mail:
n.dviyka@gmail.com
- Institution:
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0510
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
119-126
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/PPUSN.2022.02.12
- PDF:
pomi/05/pomi512.pdf
Wartime memes as a coping strategy
Memes are a unit of information in the socio-cultural field. Ukrainian memes and their number increased until March 10-15, after which their number began to decrease. The aim of our study was to analyze memes for compliance with their coping strategies. The analysis and systematization of 370 units of memes created in Ukraine in the period from February 25, 2022 to March 31, 2022 was used. Of the memes considered, purely text memes accounted for 60%: meme words (rashists, Huylo, Chornobaivka, palyanytsia), meme phrases (Russian ship), meme expressions (Good evening, we are from Ukraine!). Creolized or mixed memes (picture and signature) accounted for 33%. Image only – 7% In the first days after the start of the war, memes appeared related to the desire to resist the enemy. When analyzing memes and comparing them with coping strategies, it was found that memes with constructive coping strategies predominate among Ukrainian wartime memes. The style of memes (semi-productive) is also widely used, which is aimed at finding support and restoring psycho-emotional balance. Memes of this type began to appear 2–3 weeks after the start of hostilities and are small (10-12%) of the total number of images. They reflect relationships between people, experiences related to separation from family members, attempts at complacency. According to a number of memes, the people of Ukraine are trying to overcome their anxiety not in a passive way, but by understanding the environment, which can also be perceived as a sufficiently adequate coping strategy. Attitude to such horrific events as shelling and bombing with a sufficient amount of humor allows you to master yourself in new military circumstances. The culture of memes has not escaped the problems of refugees and internally displaced persons. This issue is small and calls for understanding and compassion for refugees. Unlike typical memes, this image is not anonymous, but it has also spread widely on the Internet and has become a meme. Unproductive coping is either not represented in wartime meme culture at all, or it is ridiculed and perceived as clearly inappropriate behavior.