Problematic Aspects of the Detention Enforcement as a Preventive Measure to Suspects and Accused with Vision Impairment

The use of preventive measures such as detention enforcement is due to the restriction of fundamental rights. Particularly noteworthy is the issue of the feasibility of choosing this preventive measure for people with vision impairment. The aim of the research is determining the system of general standards of detention of persons with physical disabilities (in particular, visually impaired). The empirical base of the research is the national legislation of Ukraine, international acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, data of the Integrated State Register of Court Decisions. The methodological basis is a set of general and special scientific methods, in particular, formal-legal (legal- technical) method of research, hermeneutical method, statistical method, system-structural method. On the basis of the research, taking into account the legal position of the ECtHR, the authors propose to distinguish the general standards of detention of persons with physical disabilities (in particular, visually impaired), such as: (1) detention should be reasonable in time; (2) it should not lead to health deterioration (compared to the natural course of the disease); (3) the prisoner should be provided with adequate medical care at an appropriate level; (4) the physical condition of the person in custody should not make him or her dependent on other persons being held with him or her in custody; (5) the conditions in which the person is remanded in custody must be appropriate to the physical condition of the person and cannot be considered separately from the person’s disability; (6) constant more intense surveillance should be provided to prevent any deterioration in health than might be the case if the person were not imprisoned; (7) if there is an appropriate medical finding that a person is not in custody, he or she should be considered by a competent subject for a possible change in the measure of detention or place of detention. The authors pointed out some shortcomings in the legislation and the law enforcement practice of this issue.