«Political Type» of an Active Woman in the Pages of Polish Women’s Magazines in Lviv «Ster», «Przedświt», «Ziarno»

The urgency of the topic of the scientific article is due to modern political science, gender and national studies of women’s movements in European countries, including the Polish women’s movement, which began and developed in Lviv, along with the Ukrainian women’s movement. The aim of the article is to analyze and review the issues of Polish women’s magazines published in Lviv in the XIX century in order to clarify the main topics, conscious paradigms of the Polish women’s movement, value concepts of Polish women’s periodicals, transformation of views on women’s political role in traditional societyб her participation in public and state life through radical journalism. The scientific article analyzes the negative stereotypes about the traditional role of women in public life on the example of Polish women’s magazines «Ster», «Przedświt» and «Ziarno», published in Lviv in the XIX century. It was found that the traditional views on the role of women are outdated, while the pages of Polish women’s magazines promote: women’s education, self-education, creative realization of women as individuals. The traditional formula for women in society, which has been reduced to marriage and the birth of children, has been criticized for being superficial. In the columns of Polish women’s publications of the 19th century in Lviv, a significant place was given to women’s education and the formation of national and political education, which indicates the «serious» nature of these publications rather than the entertainment that dominated Polish women’s periodicals. In the articles of Polish women’s publications of the early twentieth century, a new type of woman is formed − the «political type» of a woman who is not indifferent to the political life of her people and her country. It is this feature that characterizes women’s periodicals as the political dominant in the materials of magazines. Research methods. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the Polish women’s movement; thematic analysis in determining the main topics of the publications «Ster», «Przedświt» and «Ziarno»; synthesis in the study of methods and forms of strug- gle of active women for their political rights. Results and conclusions. The active political role of a woman-citizen is a conscious concept of the Polish women’s press, which was expressed in debunking active women of negative stereotypes about the passivity of women.

Political educational magazines for polish peasants «Zorza» and «Zorza Ojczysta»: general trends of development

The urgency of the topic of the scientific article is due to modern political science, gender and national studies of women’s movements in European countries, including the Polish women’s movement, which began and developed in Lviv along with the Ukrainian women’s movement. The aim of the article is to analyze and review the issues of Polish women’s magazines for peasant women published in Eastern Galicia in the XIX century in order to clarify the main topics, conscious paradigms of the Polish women’s movement, value concepts of Polish women’s periodicals for peasant women. peasant women in traditional society and their participation in public and state life through political educational journalism. It is important to trace the main trends in the development of the Polish political women’s press and its impact on modern women’s political periodicals, as in the early twentieth century laid the foundation for the development of the modern Polish women’s movement. The scientific article analyzes the negative stereotypes about the traditional role of peasant women in public life on the example of the Polish women’s magazines «Zorza» and «Zorza Ojczysta», published in the early twentieth century. It was found that the traditional views on the role of peasant women are outdated, while the pages of Polish women’s magazines promote: women’s education, self-education, creative realization of women as individuals. The traditional formula for peasant women in society, which has been reduced to marriage and the birth of children, has been criticized for being superficial. Instead, a new image of a politically active woman is taking part in the life of her country and people. Research methods. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the Polish women’s movement; thematic analysis in determining the main topics of Zorza and Zorza Ojczysta; synthesis in the study of methods and forms of struggle of active women for their political rights. Results and conclusions. The active political role of women citizens in rural areas is a conscious concept of the Polish women’s press for peasant women, which was expressed in debunking active rural women of negative stereotypes about the passivity of women who come from the countryside.