The scientific objective of the study was to assess the risk associated with crime of foreign nationals in Switzerland in the years 2009–2015 as a threat to public security, including predictions concerning the development of the analysed phenomenon in the future. The practical purpose of the study was to recommend a strategy for the management of the analysed issues. In the research process, the author applied qualitative research methods, including query of the sources and analysis of statistical data, as well as analysis of risk using the FEMA methodology based on data from the years 2009–2015. The research fills a gap in studies on crime of foreign nationals in Switzerland. Article not only constitutes a diagnosis of the current nature and scale of crime of foreign nationals, but it also includes an arithmetic prediction concerning the evolution of the phenomenon in the future, in the context of it being a potential threat to public security in Switzerland.

Poland considers the Russian Federation as a major threat for its security; these fears have considerably increased since the Russian aggression against Ukraine in early 2022. This article analyses Russia’s policy towards Poland through the risk matrix, taking into account four elements: Poland’s assets, existing threats, vulnerabilities and finally countermeasures adopted by Poland. It focuses on four security sectors: military, economic, political, and societal. The risk of a full-scale military attack on Poland is possible, though a low intensity ‘hybrid’ conflict seems more probable. The overall dependence of the Polish economy on Russia (trade, foreign direct investments) is relatively narrow. However, the energy ties remain relatively strong, which constitutes a risk for Poland, especially since both EU and Russia strive to limit their cooperation in the field of energy. In the political sector, there is a high risk that Russia’s interference could contribute to the deconstruction of the existing political system based on European values, such as democracy and the rule of law. In the societal sector, the assessment of Poland’s vulnerability is not unanimous. Russia has failed to successfully fuel a Polish-Ukrainian societal conflict. Poland had to face however two refugee crises – on Belarussian (2021) and on the Ukrainian (2022) borders; in both cases they were at least indirectly provoked by the Russian Federation.