The article is devoted to assessing consumers’ behaviors, particularly in terms of stockpiling, after the coronavirus outbreak, as well as their impact on the security of Poles. Firstly, the paper reviews the literature. Then the research methodology was presented, with particular emphasis on the research methodology used, indication of the encountered limitations of the research, as well as characteristics of the respondents. General recommendations on stockpiles are then presented. These recommendations have been juxtaposed with those of the Polish government in this area. Then the author presented the results of the empirical research conducted using the survey technique. The results of the research were divided into four categories, which describe: the frequency of purchases, the quantity of products purchased, purchases of new products, and the reasons for stockpiling. Based on the above elements, a discussion was held, and recommendations were developed as a result.

Socio-economic and political activity of Poles in Volhynia, Podolia and Kiev region in 1864–1914. Introduction to the issues

This study revolves around selected aspects of the activity of the Polish community in the Kiev, Podolia and Volyn governorates in 1864–1914. Questions have been asked about the activities nature, scope, directions and conditions, as well as the numbers and social background of the Poles involved in work for the benefit of the country. The extent of Polish socio-economic and political work in Russia at the time largely depended on the policy of the Tsarist authorities towards the local Poles. The efforts made were indicative of their real aspirations and served not only to save Polish property, but also to maintain the national awareness of the Polish community in Russia. After the October Manifesto was proclaimed, the efforts resulted in a number of cultural, educational and publishing initiatives, coupled with the establishment of organisations and associations, and the pursuit of political activity. Interestingly, they were a consequence of the sometimes isolated efforts for the benefit of the country before 1905. After the First Russian Revolution, on the other hand, they evolved into an arena for Ukrainian Poles to express their aspirations. Their elites sought, among other things, to restore their due position in the social hierarchy based on their status and economic power.

Social and cultural activity of Poles in the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (Grenzmark Posen Westpreusen) between 1933 and 1939

The article presents social and cultural activities taking place in the Frontier March of PosenWest Prussia (Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen, Borderland) which operated between 1922 and 1938 in the first, short period of the existence of the Third German Reich – until the outbreak of World War II (1933–1939). The paper discusses the activities of various Polish organizations and institutions in the Nazi German state, including people’s banks, farming organizations, minority schools, scout troops, libraries, community centres, music institutions, and sports clubs. Although the Third Reich was a nationalist and totalitarian state, these organisations and institutions were allowed because the Third Reich pretended to be in good relations with the Republic of Poland. After the outbreak of the war between the two countries in September 1939, any separate socio-political and cultural activity of Poles in Germany, including the Borderland, was banned, and all the institutions and organisations presented in the article were dissolved.