The impact of the development of Internet technology on the social life. Real space vs Cyberspace
This article touches the subject of the Internet as a medium based on contrasts and reproducting oppositions. Dualisms are shown in terms of social space, communication, interpersonal relationships and identity. The two worlds are put in contrast: the real world and the virtual one, and the issues and the relations between them are pointed out. The article also describes the impact of Internet technology on communication. It types for the traditional communication and the Internet communication and points to the fundamental aspect of differentiating between them from the way the message is communicated. The paper also highlights the issue of interpersonal relations and the transformations they have undergone after the spread of the Internet. Relationships are classified as offline and online. Both types are described, and the way they are intertwined in social life. Both positive and negative characteristics of online relationships are indicated. The last issue addressed in the article is the identity gap. It is shown from the real and virtual world perspective.

Funerary culture in cyberspace. What virtual cemeteries and social media have in common?
The development of intermedia has moved various cultural acts into cyberspace. In the digital world, flattened by the screens of electronic devices, previously known phenomena take a new form, which is forced by the limitations of the medium. Virtual cemeteries are online memorial sites, where users can communicate with each other and present their deceased loved ones, and also create e-tombstones of famous people. Digital cemeteries allow the individualization at the reception. In the article analogies between e-cemeteries and social networking sites are presented. Simultaneously, given the immense popularity of the latter, this work is an attempt to answer the question of whether virtual cemeteries draw from the experience of social media.

Th is article aims to discuss the problem of communication at and outside of school, in a world dominated by digitisation. The prevailing fashion for the use of online information resources has moved into every aspect of life, including education. Interviews with teachers of different educational levels have been conducted. They were intended to illustrate teachers’ att itudes to the requirements of the increasing technological development. A basic question that accompanies the deliberations refers to the quality of education in the world of digitisation. The discussion is reinforced with examples and analyses of the current media education.

Communicating as a process requires referring to the space of social communication, which I understand as the assumptions of the sense of communication symbols. Hybridity as a phenomenon in culture is on one hand a social fact, the effect of globalization processes, on the other it becomes a challenge in the process of educational narrative. Maintaining continuity and cohesion in culture in the face of the problem of hybridity and building communication capable of taking up this challenge seems to be an important consideration also (and perhaps above all) in the field of pedagogy. Multiculturalism as an idea, if it were to become a social principle, requires a debate of competent interlocutors. Hence the need to reflect on the communicative competence of the units of the multiculturalism standard.

W tekście prezentuję taki sposób rozumowania, zgodnie z którym rozwój zdolności komunikacyjnych w zakresie komunikacji międzykulturowej jest złożonym procesem, który przynosi najlepsze efekty, jeśli jest motywowany wewnętrznie – indywidualnymi dążeniami podmiotu. Takie motywacje pomagają, a w zasadzie tylko one umożliwiają zrozumienie Innego, w oparciu o przekraczanie własnych granic poznawczych. Wrażliwość na różnice kulturowe, świadomość tego, jakie one są i jak można je wyznaczać, podnoszą poziom empatii. Wzmacnianie kompetencji kulturowych w zakresie komunikacji międzykulturowych sprzyja rozumieniu innych, osób reprezentujących najróżniej definiowane grupy i kategorie społeczne. Sprzyja to redukowaniu zjawiska „niewidzialnych grup” – takich, które są postrzegane jako niekomfortowy partner komunikacyjny, którego się unika.

(Nie)istniejące metro

Artykuł zawiera analizę kontentu strony internetowej „Metro barnaulskie”. Strona przedstawia nieistniejące metrze w Barnaule w taki sposób, jak gdyby to metro istniało w rzeczywistości. To pozwala opisać projekt „Metro barnaulskie” na różne sposoby, jako: fake, Internet-mem, sposób komunikacji i socjalizacji, jako frame, tekst itp.

The article contains results of the experimental analysis of cooperation pecu- liarities of young people with different vision levels (blind, visually impaired, with normal vision). Greater focus is placed on the statement that serious vision disorders depending on their kind and grade make the process of verbal and especially non-verbal means of communication mastering much more compli- cated. It has been established that young people with serious vision disorders have a low level of integration into social groups, are not active enough in com- munication, avoid close relationships with those who do not have any vision problems. The authors argue in favour of the importance of blind and sighted people’s cooperation activity provision as an obligatory condition for the development of psychologically proper communication and for the formation of social maturity of a personality, regulating its process of social integration.

Teamwork in a large student group as an element of shaping competence. Good practices

Teamwork in a large student group as an element of shaping competence. Good practices The competences of many job candidates differ largely from the needs of employers in the labor market-a reality which is currently a significant problem also in Poland. Soft skills, as they are dubbed, are essential for effective interaction and communication in interpersonal relationships and are considered competences of the future. In shaping them the participation of academic teachers plays a special role. The author, being a practitioner, noticed the permanence of the problem in the area of shaping students’ skills in communication and teamwork. During more than a decade of work with students at state and private universities, first-cycle and second-cycle studies, full-time and part-time, the author has developed a comprehensive approach to teamwork guidelines in classes, in a large group (approximately 30 people) within the sphere of interpersonal communication. It worked well in the journalism and media logistics classes supervised by the author. This approach that can be described as good practices has a twofold value: advantage for students when used in university classes and usefulness in work as these competences are valued by the employers. The development of important tenets of team work in a practical group in the context of social competences is presented in tables and indicating typical problems – also in particular time perspectives: at the stage of preparing for classes, in the course of the first and subsequent classes (with the separation of the last ones). It can be 60 Izabela M. Bogdanowicz used as a framework guide, enabling interested academic teachers to prepare their own materials conducive to shaping the competencies desired on the labor market.

Communication in university teaching has been experiencing years of reform led by modern media and technologies. This paper examines (by triangulation) satisfaction with university communication in students of private and state universities, which consider communication as one of the most important competence frameworks. The survey examined students’ perceptions (N=267) on the characteristics, methods, frequency, and quality of communication in the learning process, which is our primary research question. What was also researched was the existence of differences in students’ attitudes towards private and state universities. Results show that the students of private universities, compared to the students of state universities, are more satisfied with communication.

In the article the authors analysed cooperation of preschool teachers with parents. It is a complex area of operation for preschool teachers, which requires communication skills, management of potential conflict situations, approaches to identification and management of different family situations, as well as approaches to coping with stress and working with different people. During the research on the population of students and preschool teachers (616), the authors also found that this is an area which the students rated as difficult, expecting problems with it at the beginning of their career, whereas in-service preschool teachers estimated that they did not have many problems when interacting with their pupils’ parents.

The play world of children with autism is based on a fixed formula of their behaviour. They do not participate willingly in games taken up spontaneously and any attempts to initiate them or join games voluntarily are not always successful. They wish to participate in social contacts like every child, they have motivation towards it but they lack the appropriate knowledge and skills in how to get involved in them normally (Pisula, 2005, p. 103; see Njardvik, Matson & Cherry, 1999, pp. 287-295). The effective method that supports problem solving and enables children to learn social skills, including play skills, is the usage of Comic Strip Conversations, which arranges in a systematic way “what people say and do, and emphasize what people may be thinking” (Gray, 1994, p. 1).

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of peer tutoring on college students’ academic achievement and, as well, their competencies in communication and collaboration. In particular, we investigated whether or not the effect of peer tutoring depends on the role taken in peer tutoring. 373 Korean college students attending peer tutoring participated in this study. A pre-post design employing a self-report questionnaire was used. The results indicated that peer tutoring improved both academic achievement and communicative and collaborative skills. The findings also suggested that the effect of peer-tutoring on academic achievement and responsibility for teamwork was valid only with regard to those in the role of tutees. The implications of this study are discussed.

The so-called new media redefine social relations both on a micro and a macro scale. A media user from five or six decades ago is an entirely different subject to a modern user. Within half a century, the roles of particular media, their social functions, and consequently users’ patterns of perception all changed. A 21st-century recipient is, as far as anthropology is concerned, equipped totally differently to one from the 1960s. Nevertheless, one thing remains unchanged in the real and the media worlds alike. Both confront us with the predominance of sight and hearing while taste, smell, and touch are of peripheral interest in spite of the perceptions conveyed through them being all-encompassing. The article focuses primarily on the sense of smell, but also on the closely related taste. Smell is too elusive and indeterminate and cannot be measured to the same extent sound is measured, for instance. Smell therefore has to give way to the more durable and definite senses. Its presence in films is absolutely marginal which is due to, as I perceive it, the technological capabilities in this area, or rather lack thereof. In this text I argue that certain films should be watched with one’s nose and taste buds, are a source of cognitive confusion, since everything important depicted in them is beyond the viewer’s reach. When scrutinising such films, one arrives at a conclusion that cinematic realism (but not only realism) must be multisensory. Otherwise, a case of epistemic schizophrenia occurs. The above reflection is undertaken in the context of two theories of social communication, namely M. McLuhan’s classic proposal and the cognitive theory of film.

W ostatnich dekadach termin „dialog”, jako kategoria komunikacyjna, jest używany bardzo często; rzec można, że nadużywany. Wraz z intensyfikacją procesów migracji i upowszechnianiem się zjawiska wielokulturowości ugruntowuje się przekonanie o jego ważności i niezbędności. Owo powszechne użycie dialogu sprawia, że zatraca on swoją pojęciową ostrość i znaczeniową precyzję. Używany przez wszystkich, wszędzie i na każdą okoliczność coraz częściej staje się synonimem zwykłej rozmowy, a nawet kłótni. Uznano zatem za właściwe poszukiwanie na gruncie filozofii spotkania ram organizujących strukturę dialogu i warunków, które winny być spełnione, by zgodnie z wolą Martina Bubera mówić o dialogu autentycznym. W tekście starano się wykazać, jak istotna w dialogicznym kontakcie z Innym jest postawa etyczna, rozumiana jako źródłowy fundament porozumienia z drugim człowiekiem. Dialog jest ukazany jako forma trudna i wymagająca, a jednocześnie możliwa i konieczna.

The article discusses the bases of the contemporary concept of the theory of sources. I have made an attempt at re-interpreting this basic concept of historical methodology based on the semiotic concept of signs and reality.

The purpose of the study was to analyse differences in speech, language and communication skills between students with mild intellectual disabilities using a narrative text written in easy-to-read text (experimental group), and students with mild intellectual disabilities using a book containing the same content but written in ordinary text (control group). The results indicate that students with mild intellectual disabilities who listen to the easy-to-read text exhibit superior communication skills in individual conversations with the teacher. Significant differences occur in all three measured variables. The research is important contribution in understanding of benefits of easy-to-read texts.

Nowadays, there is a growing need for reflection on the role of drama therapy workshops because of an immense interest in art therapy in general in social or psycho-pedagogical work aimed to support the development of social abilities, in particular communications skills. Therapeutic aspects of art are connected with its impact on psyche, and thus the intensification of specific cognitive, emotional and motivational processes. This paper emphasises personal growth of the participant in relation with a group. In workshop activities, especially during improvisation, the ability to undertake and strengthen positive relations is developing. Reorganization and integration of participants’ attitudes, resulting in better interpersonal relationships, are shown to occur during drama therapy workshops. New attitudes or acquired skills may become for many of them an encouragement to further explorations, an indication of a framework for increased engagement in social interactions.

Communication is a means of sending and receiving information. Communication processes are used for receiving, keeping, processing and sending information. The receiver of information can be a human, any living being or a piece of material-technical equipment, for instance a computer. There are several types of communication: a) communication in the human society; b) communication among animals (birds); c) communication between technical and mechanical equipment. Besides, we can distinguish other types of communication, including: communication between humans and animals and communication between humans and technical equipment.

The aim of this study was to determine the functioning of mothers in terms of communication and styles of education, including family structure, gender and age of the adolescent. Hypotheses were based on the assumption that if a mother is the most important person in the family, then there will be no differences between single mother and the mother from complete family in the assessment of communication and styles of education in adolescents’s opinion. It was assumed that the assessment of the quality of the relationship will be affected by gender and age of adolescents. There were studied 148 adolescents with complete families and 237 who raised by single mothers, using a Parent Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) and a Survey of Upbringing Style. Analysis of variance revealed that communication with the mother is satisfying, regardless of family structure, which strongly differentiate the democratic parenting style, and gender-style liberal. There were seen a significant interaction between gender and age of adolescent, conditioning the open communication and interaction with the mother adolescent age and family structure substantially influences on the liberal loving style.

The existence of language varieties has a considerable impact on communication. They influence the interaction between language users from various centres due to the number of linguistic differences observed on the level of phonetics, spelling, grammar, lexis, and pragmatics. On the one hand, pluricentric languages connect people from various centres by using the “same” language, and on the other hand, they separate them by developing national norms. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of teaching language varieties in foreign language classes because the knowledge of national norms of pluricentric languages is essential in communication with people from various centres. Both English and German are pluricentric languages. Advanced language users should be aware of the differences between language varieties and be able to use the appropriate variety according to the communicative situation. The research undertaken in this article is meant to verify the undergraduate students’ knowledge of English and German varieties, emphasising terminology used in everyday life and their abilities to communicate in languages other than English or German.