Media education for journalists: the YouTube platform perspective
Fields of study such as Journalism and Social Communication or Media Production require the use of specific learning methods in the spirit of progressive media convergence. Teaching focused on the practical aspects of using multimedia materials, e-learning platforms, social networking sites, web applications is becoming a very important aspect of academic education within the aforementioned fields of study. Using such tools enables students to gain employment in accordance with their specialization or field of study. One of the platforms that can be used for media education is the YouTube portal that uses multimedia content in the spirit of Web 2.0.

The Effectiveness of Journalist’s Training in Iceland and Norway
Abstract: Iceland and Norway are characterized by the use of very effective methods of education. Practical teaching, use of e-learning applications, learning through play, is the basis of education at university level generally in the Nordic countries. Thanks to the applied methods of teaching, graduates without problems will find employment in accordance with the specialization. Analyzing the effectiveness of teaching should consider why different methods work better in specific situations. The article describes practical methods of teaching implemented in Iceland and Norway on the basis of author observation and conducting lectures in University of Iceland and Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences in Oslo.

In Poland, freedom of press is a systemic principle that protects the rule of law. Relevant regulations regarding this matter are included in the constitution in force since 1997. However, other legal regulations contain solutions that raise objections of the journalistic environment and are described as repressive towards the media. The Article 212 of the Penal Code provides for example a criminal penalty of up to one-year imprisonment for the offense of defamation using mass media. According to journalistic circles, such a provision negatively affects journalistic practice causing the so-called “chilling effect”, i.e. unwillingness to undertake controversial subjects. The discussed issue is analyzed in the light of the provisions of the Constitution, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Press Law Act, as well as selected articles of the Penal Code.

When I was a young father, my children believed that my sayings were a true wisdom worthy repetition; today things have changed - it was my turn is to repeat wisdom of my children, believing that they usually are right. A few months ago, my son, Daviken, said that those who were writing frequently cannot easily survive without writing. Daviken was right. I loved to write, especially when something I wrote and which was contrary to what people believe was correct. I believe I inherited the dislike to generally accepted truth from my father, who was described by a Polish weekly that he was “the man who always goes against the general flow”. My father thought that this was an excellent statement of his character. He loved saying: “I am indeed a man who will think and act against prevailing flow, because only shit floats always with main current, and people who try to float in the main flow are those who repeat, without understanding, everything what they had heard”.

THE PECULIARITY OF THE LANGUAGE OF SPORTS BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES FROM LA GAZETTA DELLO SPORT

this paper focuses on the language of sports in the press, and its objectives are to analyse the specific linguistic features of the language of sports, to describe their function and to assert their possible impact on sports fans. By means of content analysis, a corpus of articles from a popular Italian sports newspaper, La Gazzetta dello Sport, was investigated in order to examine the stylistic properties typical of the language of sports. Indeed, all of the features described in this article’s review of literature on the language of sports were richly present in the corpus under scrutiny. their role consists in forming opinions, creating attitudes and arousing emotional reactions among readers.

This study addresses the positioning of Poland’s public television network (TVP) within the country’s contemporary political system. In a democratic country, the media laws determine journalism practices and the media content. In this study, three perspectives of analysis were used to assess the relationship between the process of politicization and the selection and shaping of news. Three areas of the TVP’s politicization were focused on: media law, journalists, and media content, to show the dependence between these fields and how the news was shaped and presented. Mixed methods of empirical research were used to investigate the raised issues; the authors focused on Polish parliament papers (N = 45) regarding the legal regulations of Polish public broadcasters during the period of 2015–2016; conducted in-depth interviews with journalists with TVP experience (N = 20); and performed a content analysis of the Polish public television channel TVP1’s “Newsnight” news program during the period of February 4–10, 2019. We found that an increased level of politicization at Poland’s TVP led to direct influence on the shape and selection of news.

Polish journalism towards the independence transformations in Ukraine in 1988 – 1994

Ukraine, as a prominent republic of the Soviet Union, and – after disintegration of the USSR – a sovereign country playing a significant role in the geopolitics of the Central Eastern Europe, has been an important object of Polish journalists’ interest. The analysis of the texts and comments in the Polish press between 1988 and 1994 about emancipation transformations in Ukraine and social, political and economic issues of this country in the first period of its independence leads to conclusion that the public discussion participants have had positive and corroborative attitude towards the emancipation of the Ukrainians. Providing opportunities and threats in achieving the actual and solid independence of that republic the commentators express their opinions carefully. As the main obstacles they stress the imperialist ambitions of Russia, the problem of maintaining the territorial integrity of the state, the economic crisis related to the collapse of the Soviet economy and the consequences of exercising power by the post Soviet party apparatus representatives. The publicists claim, the first period of Ukrainian’s independence closed the conversion of Ukraine to the integration with Russia.