- Author:
Jan Witold Kulesza
- E-mail:
jkulesza@wpia.uni.lodz.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Łódzki
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-9120
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
311-317
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.01.24
- PDF:
ppk/71/ppk7124.pdf
Gloss to the Judgment of the District Court in Kielce of August 25, 2022, file ref. no. IX Ka 715/22
The gloss aims to indicate the limits of freedom of expression, set by provisions on hate speech and destruction of property. These limits are indicated by the analyzed case where the property was damaged as a result of publicly displaying political posters. However, the court misinterpreted the law, leading to a conviction for an offense rather than a crime. There was also no obligation to redress the damage. The author discusses how there were generally no grounds for conviction and the accused should be acquitted for a different reason.
- Author:
Zdzisław Gawlik
- E-mail:
zdzislaw.gawlik@mail.umcs.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-0231
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
153-164
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2024.05.11
- PDF:
ppk/81/ppk8111.pdf
Compensation in the Light of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Civil Code
The article discusses the issue of compensation in the light of the provisions of the Polish Constitution and the Civil Code. The Constitution primarily deals with compensation for expropriation for public purposes, while the compensation provided in the Civil Code reflects the realization of the idea of justice, which is one of the fundamental principles of Polish private law, ensuring the compensation for the damage caused to rights and interests protected by law. The Constitution refers to just compensation, while the Civil Code speaks of full compensation. The author argues that these terminological differences do not deprive the entitled person, under both the Constitution and the Civil Code, of the right to full compensation. Referring to the situations discussed, the author demonstrates that, while the principle of full compensation is not an absolute rule and the law allows for compensation to be awarded at a lower amount than the actual damage, the same approach should apply to the constitutional principle of just compensation. To ensure satisfaction for individuals deprived of their rights through expropriation, the author proposes introducing a legal solution whereby an individual dissatisfied with the amount of compensation received could apply to a common court for a review of the compensation amount. This approach would, on the one hand, safeguard the public interest in acquiring the necessary rights to achieve a public purpose, while, on the other hand, protect those affected by expropriation through an independent body separate from the expropriation procedure participants.