- Author:
Aleksander Woźny
- Institution:
Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Oddział Opole
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
27-83
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/acno2020102
- PDF:
acno/9/acno202002.pdf
The security of the II Republic – assessments 1 September 1939 – „unexpected” war with the III Reich and the „surprise” of the 17 September aggression by the Soviet Union
The Wehrmacht (German armed forces) attacked Poland without declaration of war on 1 September 1939, on the orders of the leader of the III Reich. Then, on 17 September, the Red Army forced the borders of the Polish II Republic. The title of the article reflects what Polish historiography will forever struggle with – whether the aggression by its western neighbour was “unexpected” and whether we can consider the invasion from its eastern neighbour a “surprise”. Above all, the question is whether the military (General Staff; military intelligence) and political leadership (Foreign Ministry) of the state foresaw beforehand the possibility of rift in Polish-German relations and the renewal of a German-Soviet alliance/pact (cooperation), which in consequence brought about undeclared war with Poland’s eastern neighbour. The presented article is in sections and presented in chronological order.
- Author:
Marzena Toumi
- E-mail:
m.toumi@akademia. mil.pl
- Institution:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej w Warszawie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-1315
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
325-339
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.02.20
- PDF:
ppk/60/ppk6020.pdf
Changes in the Structure of the Central Public Administration in the Light of the Act on the National Cybersecurity System of 2018
The national security of Poland in the 21 st century is strongly influenced by the processes taking place in the contemporary global security environment. They are characterized by high dynamics and complexity of changes as well as the occurrence of asymmetrical threats, among which the most dangerous are threats in cyberspace. The functioning of the state and the implementation of their constitutional obligations are increasingly dependent on the development of modern technologies, the information society and the smooth functioning of cyberspace, which is largely dependent on the security of the ICT infrastructure enabling the use of cyberspace, information resources and services accumulated therein. thanks to it they function. Rapid progress in the field of digital technologies necessitates the effective use of the latest technologies while creating the opportunity for the Polish state to leave the role of only the user and join the group of countries with an effectively functioning digital economy, providing solutions and co-creating international standards. To meet these expectations, the President of the Republic of Poland signed the Act on the national cybersecurity system on 1 August 2018, implementing the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) into the Polish legal order regarding measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems in the territory of Union (Directive 2016/1148) – (the so-called NIS Directive).
- Author:
Valeriy Hnatenko
- E-mail:
rdckonst@ukr.net
- Institution:
“Scientific and Practical Medical Rehabilitation and Diagnostic Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-9202
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
56-66
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20210105
- PDF:
ksm/29/ksm2905.pdf
Under conditions of aggravation of external and internal contradictions of economic character, importance of increase of the state national security level, an urgent need of search of system algorithm for construction of integral paradigm of economic security appears. The main trend of further economic development of society is the connection of economic security of the state and the welfare economy of society in a single target function, which fully reveals and realizes the economic potential of the state and society. The level of the country’s welfare is the basis for making certain government decisions in the socio-economic sphere. It has been noted that economic security of welfare is ensuring the protection of interests and creating favorable conditions for ensuring a high standard of living and welfare of society in the implementation of the State Strategy for Economic Security. The place of economic security of welfare in the system of national security has been determined - the high level of its realization is a springboard for strengthening and further development of other components of the country’s economic life. Improvement of the public administration efficiency is one of the conditions for ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country, region and raising of living standards of the population.
- Author:
Shamil Faradzhov
- E-mail:
faradzhovshamil@gmail.com
- Institution:
National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-3399
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
22-33
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021102
- PDF:
rop/15/rop1502.pdf
The article considers public security as a component of national security. Public security is one of the priorities of state policy in the field of national security. Successful public safety is the implementation of a set of measures in the field of landscaping: installation of traffic lights in appropriate public places, construction of underpasses, construction of indoor stops for citizens waiting for the arrival of public transport, etc. A well-thought-out system of planning and construction of settlements or public places, maintaining them in good condition, which promotes work and recreation of citizens, reduces the degree of threat to public safety from the occurrence of unexpected and dangerous situations. And neglect of public amenities can lead to favorable conditions for those who commit offenses and encroach on public safety. A special place is occupied by local governments, they are the closest power to the population, have the necessary powers and resources to attract citizens to maintain public order, increase their social activity in creating decent living conditions in a given area. The state defines local self-government as an independent level of government to which the people are entitled. First of all, it presupposes the organizational separation and independence of local self-government from state power, its independence in resolving issues of local importance, but independence within its own powers, as provided by the constitution. The main powers of local governments to ensure public safety and public order include: monitoring compliance with the law in the territory; application of measures of state coercion (usually, it is a question of bringing to administrative responsibility for the offenses connected with local government); protection of public order, carried out mainly by the police; ensuring the safety of citizens. Accordingly, local governments may be endowed with additional powers in the field of public order and protection of citizens’ rights. Protecting the rights of citizens is an important component of ensuring security both at the individual level and at the level of the entire state. The sense of security that is transmitted inside and outside the country can be considered part of the attractiveness of the image of the country abroad.
- Author:
Małgorzata Polkowska
- E-mail:
mpolkowska@wp.pl
- Institution:
War Studies Academy (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6633-2222
- Published online:
30 June 2021
- Final submission:
12 March 2021
- Printed issue:
December 2021
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
16
- Pages:
133-148
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202124
- PDF:
ppsy/50/ppsy202124.pdf
SDA (Space Domain Awareness) and SSA (Space Situational Awareness – SSA) have been defined as comprehensive knowledge of space objects and the ability to track, understand, and predict their future location. The purpose of the article is to present SSA initiatives to protect space systems, which are now recognized as fundamental assets of the sustainable development of each country. The destruction of even a part of the space infrastructure can have severe consequences for the security of citizens and economic activity. These systems assume the combination of all data obtained by various entities operating in space and Earth to create a common database. The SSA system was created based on the US military programme SDA (Space Domain Awareness); SSA and SDA are almost similar, but SDA is a new term replacing SSA, which existed previously. SDA is a better and improved SSA. Increasingly, the SSA programme is part of national and EU space strategies, but it is not yet possible to include it in international space law.
- Author:
Piotr Lewandowski
- E-mail:
p.lewandowski@akademia.mil.pl
- Institution:
War Studies University (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-4815
- Published online:
19 July 2021
- Final submission:
13 July 2021
- Printed issue:
December 2021
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
16
- Pages:
133-147
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202140
- PDF:
ppsy/50/ppsy202140.pdf
The article analyzes the Polish reason of state in changing international order understood as the loss of hegemon position by the United States. The author defines the reason of state as an analytical operant and relates it to the security and sovereignty of a state in the international environment. The text also outlines possibilities of development of Poland's reason of state in the region and global geopolitics.
- Author:
Justyna Misiągiewicz
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie – Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
196-209
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.70.12
- PDF:
apsp/70/apsp7012.pdf
Celem opracowania jest analiza specyfiki konfliktu w Górskim Karabachu oraz jego implikacji dla bezpieczeństwa Azerbejdżanu. Określono tym samym genezę konfliktu, jego przedmiot oraz proces pokojowy. Azerbejdżan postrzegał konflikt karabaski jako zagrażający jego integralności terytorialnej i niepodległości oraz roli międzynarodowej. Porozumienie z listopada 2020 roku można traktować jako sukces polityki Azerbejdżanu, gdyż sankcjonuje prawnie przyłączenie większości terytorium Górskiego Karabachu.
- Author:
Marcin Jurgilewicz
- E-mail:
m.jurgilewicz@prz.edu.pl
- Institution:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. I. Łukasiewicza
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2243-2165
- Author:
Jolanta Itrich-Drabarek
- E-mail:
j.itrich-draba@uw.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Warszawski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-3561
- Author:
Andrzej Misiuk
- E-mail:
amisiuk@wp.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Warszawski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-6270
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
347-358
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.04.22
- PDF:
ppk/62/ppk6222.pdf
Security problem in selected polish constitutions
The Republic of Poland is a democratic state ruled by law, and the normative basis of its functioning is legal acts of the highest order – the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997. The Basic Law has the highest rank and force among all sources of universally binding law. In the constitution, the legislator granted certain norms the status of constitutional principles, which are fulfilled by the function of program norms while being the basis for the interpretation of other regulations. Among the constitutional principles, the obligation to ensure the safety of citizens was distinguished. The article in general presents the problem of security not only in the currently binding constitution, but also in selected other Polish constitutions.
- Author:
Agata Rzymełka-Frąckiewicz
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-2407
- Author:
Teresa Wilk
- Institution:
Uniweresytet Śląski w Katowicach
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-6502
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
326-343
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/em.2021.02.18
- PDF:
em/15/em1518.pdf
Jednym z wielu obrazów współczesności jest wzajemne funkcjonowanie osób reprezentujących odmienne kultury, narodowość, rasę czy religię. To sprawia, że w poszczególnych społecznościach pojawia się szereg nieporozumień czy konfliktów, powodowanych brakiem wiedzy o wzajemnej kulturze. Rysująca się coraz powszechniej odmienność we współczesnych społeczeństwach generując wielorakie obawy i lęk uniemożliwia zachowanie poczucia bezpieczeństwa. Tymczasem odmienność/różnorodność kulturowa, etniczna, narodowa winna być postrzegana jako wspólne dobro służące budującym się wspólnotom. Tym samym ujawnia się brak świadomości, że odmienność kulturowa to wartość, swoiste bogactwo warunkujące szerokie możliwości holistycznego rozwoju, a nie zagrożenie tożsamości czy wolności. By stan taki osiągną potrzeba świadomości i wiedzy. Niniejszy tekst jest zatem próbą zainteresowania społeczeństwa przedmiotowym zagadnieniem, które można oswoić i rozwinąć dzięki edukacji międzykulturowej, która może przybrać różne formy edukacji, także poprzez poszczególne dziedziny sztuki, takie jak teatr czy film. Wspomniane dziedziny sztuki stanowią nie tylko pole edukacji, poznania różnorodności, ale są narzędziem kształtowania postaw, zainteresowań, wyrażania emocji czy modelowania sposobu myślenia o odmienności. Propozycje konkretnych (wybranych) spektakli czy filmów, oparto zasadniczo na pełnym przekonaniu, że sztuka stanowi nie tylko wartość autoteliczną, artystyczną, ale jest narzędziem formującym kierunek myślenia w określonym zakresie.
- Author:
Maciej Klisz
- E-mail:
mklisz@mon.gov.pl
- Institution:
The Polish Armed Forces
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-2501
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
147-169
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/siip202007
- PDF:
siip/19/siip1907.pdf
The article examines the development process of the national level security strategies in the United States. It explains the basic theory of the strategy-making, as well as the primary processes and relations among the major security enterprises. The author focuses on the 2017–2018 timeframe due to the significant changes in the U.S. legislative system and exceptional personalities involved in the strategy-making process. However, the article delivers a military perspective on strategy development. Still, it does not exclude general information on the U.S. political arena, legal framework, scope of the documents, or historical facts. These data facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the complex political-military relations during the strategy-making process. The primary purpose of the article is to analyze coherent, layered strategic planning process during President Donald Trump administration (2017–2020) and draw significant conclusions, which other countries might implement in their planning system.
- Author:
Pawel Gromek
- E-mail:
pgromek@sgsp.edu.pl
- Institution:
Main School of Fire Service
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-5069
- Author:
Tadeusz Kęsoń
- E-mail:
tkeson@sgsp.edu.pl
- Institution:
Main School of Fire Service
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-7811
- Published online:
17 September 2021
- Final submission:
17 September 2021
- Printed issue:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
18
- Pages:
157-174
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202146
- PDF:
ppsy/50/ppsy202146.pdf
2030 Agenda constitutes a comprehensive framework for sustainable development. Nevertheless, not all sustainable development goals properly match the most important utilitarian values (human life and health). It is especially noticeable in terms of disasters and crises, which commonly determine social security. The research objective is to indicate the placement of the values in the particular goals. The systematic literature review indicates 47 information sources. That enables an in-depth analysis of the goals and social security specification elements, highlighting the direct or indirect character of relevant relations. The gaps can be identified considering the social character of the goals, characteristic hazards, danger to human life, and health and urgency of the response. In most cases, the relations between the goals and the values are indirect. They can be improved with a potentially positive influence on sustainable development in all circumstances (including the most dangerous ones). The goals specification states many references for the improvement in a synergistic way respecting the most important utilitarian values, especially in zero hunger, good health and well-being, sustainable cities and communities, climate action, partnership for the goals.
- Author:
Barbara Szykuła-Piec
- E-mail:
bpiec@sgsp.edu.pl
- Institution:
Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-232X
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
323-334
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.05.25
- PDF:
ppk/63/ppk6325.pdf
Security as a public good in the light of constitutional law
The study is a voice in the discussion: security as a good. In the light of the constitutional principle of the common good, a redefinition of security was proposed as the sum of the conditions of social life enabling and facilitating the integral development of all members of the community. The common and public good are products produced by state structures and their members. In order to minimize the attitudes of „common – nobody’s” and free-riders, in order to create dependence, responsibility to care for good, the topic of the theory of group solidarity was raised.
- Author:
Mateusz Żoch
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
219-234
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip202113
- PDF:
cip/19/cip1913.pdf
Fake news był obecny w życiu człowieka już od czasów starożytnych. Jednakże rozwój technologii, globalizacja doprowadził do zwiększenia zasięgu jego rozprzestrzeniania. Masowość mediów doprowadziła do przeinaczeń, nadinterpretacji, szerzenia nieprawidłowości na określony temat. W ten sposób zaczęła się szerzyć dezinformacja przeprowadzana różnymi metodami. Określana jest ogólnie jako fake news. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie jak ważną rolę w współczesnym świecie pełni fake news oraz jak jest wykorzystywany w celach manipulacji. Przeinaczona informacja może wywołać niepokój w jednostce bądź grupie, a tym samym zdestabilizować bezpieczeństwo. Masowy dostęp do mediów społecznościowych i Internetu prowadzi do zwiększonej ilości różnych, błędnych, celowo zmanipulowanych informacji, co może wpływać negatywnie na nasze postrzeganie rzeczywistości, a w konsekwencji na nasze bezpieczeństwo.
- Author:
Chu Minh Thao
- Institution:
Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
113-131
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022107
- PDF:
rop/19/rop1907.pdf
Covid-19 is considered as an important factor that impacts largely on the security and development. Covid-19 has caused the shiftin the definition of the national security and significance of new emerging non-traditional security issues, for instance the health security, and human security. Accordingly, Covid-19 has had devastating effects on the poor and human development, due to the economic recession and diversion of resources to focus on coping with the virus, stressing the accomplishment of sustainable development goals. It is anticipated that the entanglement of security and development issues gives rise to more complex challenges to ensure the stability and progress of sustainable economic development. This context has raised a question of how countries, especially lower middle-income countries like Vietnam, could cope with arising challenges and opportunities in the new context. This research concludes that Vietnam, as a perfect case study, has strongly supported global and regional cooperation to reset development agenda to focus on quick economic recovery towards resilient, green inclusive, and sustainable development. Internally, Vietnam was successful in controlling the pandemic, and become one of few countries that achieved positive GDP growth in the region in 2020. The key to overcome these challenges remains with the Communist Party of Vietnam’s strong political leadership to control Covid-19, and to take advantages of development trends such as globalization, shifting of supply chain, digital economy, and green recovery and green growth.
- Author:
Rafał Willa
- E-mail:
rafalw@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
85-101
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2015.04.05
- PDF:
kie/110/kie11005.pdf
The contemporary world is full of threats. Their scale, variety and dynamics make single countries, especially those smaller and less wealthy, unable to prevent them. Also former leaders of world politics such as France and Great Britain find this harder and harder. That is why, among integrating European countries there appeared the idea of Common Security and Defence Policy. Its assumption was strenghtening cooperation in these spheres, coordination of positions or the creation of rapid reaction forces, which may lead to common defence. Bearing in mind the events happening just outside the EU (North Africa, Middle East, Ukraine) and inside the EU (Paris terrorist attacks in 2015) there is a question what assumptions have been accomplished? What can the EU do to protect its citizens? These are the issues the article deals with.
- Author:
Aleksander Olech
- E-mail:
aleksander.olech@baltdefcol.org
- Institution:
Baltic Defence College
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-5913
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
44-60
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20223203
- PDF:
npw/32/npw3203.pdf
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - a Lethal Weapon of Tomorrow for Terrorists
Terrorism has been used as a form of combat for centuries. Over the years, the tools used by terrorists have evolved. While attacks with cold weapons still take place, nowadays terrorists also use explosives, machine guns, guided missiles and increasingly often drones. The present growth of the arms market has led to terrorist groups being heavily militarized, as they can successfully acquire modern weapons and subsequently use them in their attacks. This state of affairs has directly affected the security of states and societies, and subsequently became a principal subject of discussion on international security forums. Contemporary global terrorist threats also harness artificial intelligence that supports weaponized robots, missiles, as well as clusters of killer drones. This narrative arose a few years ago, indicating that terrorists may have a vastly greater array of options at their disposal because they may cooperate with some states that would back them up. The chance for terrorist organisations to gain access to artificial intelligence technologies only increased due to the global competition surrounding it. Due to this potential spreading, terrorists will have a chance to operate weapons supported by AI. These events then merge into a deeply concerning scenario which conceivably may have to be confronted. The threat of terrorist organisations possessing and using swarms of drones does not seem to be very distant.
- Author:
Andrzej Wawrzusiszyn
- E-mail:
andrzej.wawrzusiszyn@uwm.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-136X
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
45-65
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20223303
- PDF:
npw/33/npw3303.pdf
The migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and its influence on the safety of Poland
Poland is under controlled migratory pressure on the border with Belarus. The influx of third-country nationals is supported by Belarusian state services. These activities are hybrid in their nature, and their aim is to destabilize the situation in Poland and the European Union. Although Poland has taken adequate measures to protect and defend its border, these events are a test of the effectiveness and efficiency of the functioning of the state security system. The purpose of this considerations is to present the events taking place on the PolishBelarusian border and their impact on the security of our state. In the methodological aspect, media and press reports, analysis of source materials and observation of the development of the situation were used. The result of the above is the fact that the migration crisis has not ended and continues to generate serious threats to Poland.
- Author:
Lyudmila Chulinda
- E-mail:
liudmyla.chulinda@npp.nau.edu.
- Institution:
National Aviation University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-4854
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
113-133
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20220207
- PDF:
ksm/34/ksm3407.pdf
Sustainable Development Goals: Priorities of Civil Aviation
The article is devoted to the analysis of current problems of international civil aviation, in particular, intensification of work in the program of global partnership in civil aviation to implement the UN document “Transforming our world: an agenda for sustainable development until 2030”, which defines 17 Sustainable Development Goals. This document envisages the involvement of all countries in the world to promote prosperity, protect the planet, ensure peace, eradicate poverty, so that by 2030 all people can live safely. The analysis of the influence of modern world trends on solving the problem of priorities of civil aviation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the study of Ukraine’s efforts to develop their provision in accordance with its own priorities and the problems of the world as a whole. The goals of sustainable development for the period up to 2030 are guidelines for the development of draft policy documents, draft regulations in order to ensure the balance of economic, social and environmental development of Ukraine. The technology of determining the priorities of international civil aviation is analyzed, taking into account the specifics of Ukraine’s development, set out in the National Report “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine”, as well as their compliance with international organizations. The measures proposed by the ICAO Council for the implementation of the priority goals of regional priority, proposals for setting priorities for sustainable development in new programs with the participation of member states of international and European civil aviation organizations are described. Topical issues of application of international standards of civil aviation, which testify to their effectiveness in improving approaches to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, are covered. However, despite the fact that the problems of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals are relevant, attract the attention of many international organizations, not many domestic researchers have tried to provide independent scientific justification for international civil aviation, provided by the final UN document. The development of domestic legislation, its gradual harmonization with international law, as well as regular ICAO recommendations, existing international and European standards in the field of civil aviation necessitate the emergence of new research in this area.
- Author:
Monika Trojanowska-Strzęboszewska
- Year of publication:
2011
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
81-103
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2011.30.05
- PDF:
apsp/30/apsp3005.pdf
The paper presents a proposal of a new perspective as regards the way of defining the EU’s policy concerning the functional dimension of its borders. Thus, it comprises a counterproposal to the narrow definition of the whole policy, limited to the issues of border control and the principles of border crossing. In this approach, the EU’s border policy constitutes a kind of political framework for three programmes, implemented under three separate sectors of this policy, programmes of the EU activity oriented towards: cross-border cooperation of local communities; the establishment of tightened control and border protection and finally the stabilisation of the EU outside its borders. This is a three – dimensional, internally diverse policy of the EU, the implementation of which – depending on the dimension – is carried out by means of financial, legal or political instruments. This proposal constitutes a more complex approach to the analysis of the EU policy towards its borders and provides the opportunity to consider a particular EU border from the perspective of the level of isolation of border areas, the degree of permeability of the border control regime and of the “friendliness” or “hostility” of relations with neighbouring countries. It seems that such a perspective can better convey the diverse character of the EU’s external borders and determine their actual level of openness or closeness.
- Author:
Andrzej Wojtaszak
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
63-78
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.74.04
- PDF:
apsp/74/apsp7404.pdf
Polish and Ukrainian concepts of security and cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe in the 21st century
Central and Eastern Europe is a region located in the context of geopolitical reorganization of the world’s wetlands. The first ideas of creating a security system in this part of the continent arose after the First World War. Among them were the Polish concept of “Międzymorze” (Intermarium, aka “ABC Seas”) and the Ukrainian idea of the Baltic-Black Sea Union. The concept of security and cooperation in the region was reintroduced with the Russian Federation’s accession to the achievement of the influence index from the USSR district. There were also problems in Polish-Ukrainian relations, differences in security strategies, the delineation of the strategic partnership and the formation of the Strategic Culture of the Territories. Countries in the region have announced a number of initiatives to improve regional security (TSI, B9, L3, or Trójkąt Karpacki). The members of the mentioned concepts should be among the geopolitical figures, the position of NATO and the EU and contestations on the part of Russia.