This study developed a tool for measuring adverse health effects in students who use digital textbooks. The study tool was aimed at 690 sixth-graders who had used digital textbooks for more than a year in schools taking part in the nationwide digital textbook pilot program. We determined the validity and reliability of the tool. The tool for measuring adverse health effects of digital textbooks consisted of a total of 22 items, including 13 on physical symptoms and 10 on psychological symptoms. For the physical symptoms, two factors – whole body/musculoskeletal symptoms and eye symptoms – were extracted. For the psychological symptoms, the two assessed factors included negative and positive psychological symptoms. This tool will not only be helpful in preventing and managing adverse health effects of digital textbook use by identifying various physical and psychological symptoms, but will also be useful as a basis for the expansion of digital textbooks.

The considerations in the article focus on the role of territorial local government in two important spheres of welfare state – in providing access to education, and health care. The authors characterize the situation in Poland after the parliamentary elections won in 2015 by the Law and Justice (PiS). The first part of the study analyses the reforms undertaken in the education system and their consequences for territorial local government, in particular increasing the compulsory education age as well as changing the school system. The second part contains a description of planned and implemented changes in health care.

When I was a young father, my children believed that my sayings were a true wisdom worthy repetition; today things have changed - it was my turn is to repeat wisdom of my children, believing that they usually are right. A few months ago, my son, Daviken, said that those who were writing frequently cannot easily survive without writing. Daviken was right. I loved to write, especially when something I wrote and which was contrary to what people believe was correct. I believe I inherited the dislike to generally accepted truth from my father, who was described by a Polish weekly that he was “the man who always goes against the general flow”. My father thought that this was an excellent statement of his character. He loved saying: “I am indeed a man who will think and act against prevailing flow, because only shit floats always with main current, and people who try to float in the main flow are those who repeat, without understanding, everything what they had heard”.

This article presents selected factors conditioning the sense of coherence among university students. Results were obtained after analysis of statistical data collected in a group of 467 students. Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC-29) was used in the research. The results obtained showed a predominance of a moderate level of the sense of coherence in the group of studied students. The study confirmed the existence of a dependency between the sense of coherence and the sex, year of study, and civil status of the studied persons. The other two variables, i.e., course of studies and declared level of religiosity, only showed certain tendencies. The results presented in this paper confirmed the need to shape coherence through education and socialization as a socially significant personal predisposition. The sense of coherence facilitates both self-reflection and self-development in the individual. Conclusions formulated on the basis of the obtained results point to the necessity of taking up a contemporary pedagogical challenge, which is health education. An additional recommendation is to enrich educational programs with activities the goal of which is to create a high sense of coherence in their recipients, which, by definition, should have pro-health consequences for a wide group of beneficiaries.

The author notes the importance of planning, policy measures and development strategies for the development of physical culture and sports. A large number of current regulatory documents, which reflect the attentive attitude of public authorities to the development and improvement of this area, is indicated. The structural components of the legal administration system in the field of physical culture and sports are characterized. The interpretation of sports legal relations is presented. Specific features of sports legal relations are noted. The main forms of state support for physical culture and sports are also identified. The contribution of local authorities of Ukraine in the implementation of state policy in the field of physical culture and sports is considered. The ambiguity of the legal regulation of the development of physical culture and sports is noted. The need to understand and distinguish between the field of physical culture and professional sports is emphasized. The state regulation of standardization in the researched sphere is considered. The absence of the term “standard” in relation to service quality management in organizations is indicated. The normative-legal acts, which partially determine the evaluation criteria in the field of physical culture and sports, are distinguished. The advantages of implementing a quality management system are indicated. The adopted Standards, the effect of which extends to the field of physical culture and sports, are considered. The principles of quality management system activity are presented and characterized: customer orientation, leadership, employee involvement, process approach, system approach to management, continuous improvement, decision-making based on facts, mutually beneficial relations with suppliers. The main problems and risks in the process of system implementation are noted. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the implementation of the quality management system at the level of local self-government. The requirements for the preparation of mandatory documentation are listed and described. The content of the implementation plan is noted. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of determining senior management and officials on specific examples. The need for local government administration to systematically confirm its compliance with the quality management system has been identified. Requirements to representatives of higher governing bodies are defined. The impossibility of the self-government body to satisfy the requirements of all clients within the framework of the legislation and the approved budget is emphasized. The key task of senior management is described. The components of an important triple task of senior management in the context of implementation, operation and continuous improvement of the quality management system are listed. The importance of emphasizing the consolidation at the state level of tests and standards for assessing the physical fitness of the people of Ukraine was emphasized.

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the links between human health and the quality of life, referring to the period of the old age and aging. The starting point for the analysis was the systemic, holistic and salutogenetic approach to health as physical, mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing, the level of which is determined not only by the human biology but also lifestyle and factors in the living environment. The article shows that wellbeing, which is achieved, among other things, through an active lifestyle and good living conditions, is a category uniting health and the quality of life in the subjective and objective dimensions. Given the inevitability of involutional biological changes and social inequalities in the period of aging and the old age, it was recognized that pedagogical activities aimed at improving the quality of life of seniors are a part of the educational aspects of health promotion. The purpose of “education in the old age” is to free the health potential of senior citizens by stimulating their active lifestyle, which, however, requires education to prepare people for their old age.

The Obesity Phenomenon in Saudi Arabia and the Monarch’s Prerogative of King Salman. Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

The paper presents obesity noticeable in Saudi Arabia. The historical and present condition is indicated, as well as the forecast for the following years. It shows what political instruments the Saudi king currently has in the fight against this phenomenon and what were the political movements of previous kings in this matter.

Self-concept as a factor of forming the person`s health attitude: empirical research

The article highlights the results of an empirical research of the Self-concept as a factor of forming the health attitude of the individual. The theoretical foundations of the concept of responsible health attitude as a position of the individual, which determines the reactions and volitional actions of a person to health factors to optimally combine his personal capabilities and the environment to achieve general well-being. The paper also mentions three levels of person`s health attitude, namely: individual level, health attitude at the group level and at the level of society. Thus, the highlighted research is aimed at exploration the individual`s health attitude, which includes the assessment of the subject`s own health, his/her actions aimed at health, and so on. In addition, the theoretical part of the article contains an overview of the phenomenon of Self-concept of personality, which is a set of all person ideas about themselves, its two poles – positive (harmonious) and negative (non-harmonious) Self-concept. It is emphasized that such a sum of all ideas of a person affects his functioning in all spheres of life, which, as a consequence, determine the quality of his/her life, establish habits and patterns of thinking, including about health and lifestyle. The results of the empirical research of the Self-concept of personality as a factor in shaping the health attitude of the individual are presented in this article. The research was conducted on the basis of several higher education institutions in Vinnytsia among student youth. The sample of the research was 226 of higher education applicants. For this purpose, psychodiagnostic techniques were used: «Individual typological questionnaire by L. Sobchik (ITQ)»; «Self-concept clarity» by J. Campbell (SCC); «Test-questionnaire of self-attitude» by V. Stolin, S. Panteleev»; questionnaires «Health Attitude Index» by S. Deriabo, V. Yasvin and «Attitude to health» (author R. Berezovskaya). The results of the formative experiment with the main group of applicants showed that with help of a specially designed program for the development of a positive Self-concept of personality, it is possible promote the formation of a responsible health attitude. While the results of the ascertaining experiment of the 1st and 2nd order with the control group of applicants were without significant changes. In particular, the training program helped to harmonize the personality of applicants, increase their self-esteem and increase the level of clarity of self-concept, which, in turn, affected their attitude to themselves, their health, increased responsibility not only for their psychological well-being, but also for somatic health, which depends on a person`s lifestyle.

The aim of this article is to analyse the category of health security in the 2014 and 2020 National Security Strategies of the Republic of Poland. The starting point is the adoption of a proper definition of health security considered as a process in which many elements participate and which is influenced by many factors of social, economic, environmental, etc., nature. This approach captures the specificity of health security as an essential element of state and citizen security. The analysis of the documents proves that the authors do not consider the multifactorial and multidimensional nature of health security, and thus do not indicate in the Strategies the key threats to health and life and, above all, effective solutions introduced at state level, whose main task would be to maintain an adequate level of health security.

Social Aspect of Work Protection Training for Future Teachers

Attention is drawn to the unsatisfactory state of health of Ukrainians against the background of low demographics, unfavorable socio-economic situation, pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19 and the consequences of hostilities. It is noted that this threatens the future of the Ukrainian nation. The urgency of the problem of poor health and high levels of injuries in general secondary education is emphasized. It is claimed that there is a relationship between the health of teachers and the health of students in general secondary education. Data on the unsatisfactory state of health of Ukrainian teachers are given. Based on the analysis of recent research and publications on this issue, it is concluded that modern teachers are not ready to create safe and healthy conditions during the educational process, that is their incompetence in the field of labor protection, based on misunderstanding of its social significance. It calls for integration into the European community, where the occupational safety training of future specialists is a priority, and the level of labor protection is identified with the level of development of the state. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of the research problem, it is noted that, despite the presence of certain developments, the social context of occupational training of future teachers is insufficiently covered. It is emphasized that the direct reflection of social demands and challenges are legislative documents. It was found that the need to strengthen measures to preserve the health of minors is stated in the leading documents of the international, national and sectoral levels. It is argued that social challenges and demands are reflected in scientific publications. It has been studied that leading scientists have an important role of general secondary education institution in creating a safe and healthy environment and the need for appropriate training of future teachers. It was found that, despite the provisions of leading documents and the beliefs of scientists, in practice, the loss of health by students of general secondary education is characterized by a tendency to deteriorate. This has prolonged catastrophic consequences, as applicants for general secondary education move into the category of workers in 1015 years. And workers are practically the only category of the population that fills the state budget, while other categories require public spending. Loss of health at the stage of general secondary education will inevitably have a negative impact on the further health and efficiency of workers. Accordingly, the state will suffer economic losses related to the payment of sick leaves, loss of working time, interruptions in production activities, medical expenses, etc. The conclusion is made about the importance and strategic nature of occupational training of future teachers in the context of ensuring sustainable development of society.

The article, referring to the tradition of social pedagogy, discusses the issue of health from the perspective of its relations to the community. Health can be regarded as a value, which has an individual, group or social dimension, and it is related to the process of socializing which is marked by communal diversity.

In the article, considering analysis of scientific and technical domestic and foreign literature, we make an analysis of one segment of healthy lifestyle among primary school children – drinking adequate amounts of liquids. In the beginning we present the importance of sufficient drinking, especially water, and efforts of the Slovenian Government to facilitate enough and healthy drink for Slovenian schoolchildren; the article presents results of research conducted on a sample of 288 primary school children in all three primary school triennia (all school students were involved). We have established that most children do not drink enough (especially in the school time), that during the day they drink »healthy« drink (juice and water), but on special occasions and in restaurants they usualy choose fizzy drinks or juice.

In 2004, the Finnish school system got a new curriculum and it has been used in comprehensive schools since 1st August 2006. The national framework curriculum forms the basis for drawing up local and school curricula. A new school subject is health education starting as an independent subject from the 7th form (age 12–13). At the primary level, it is incorporated into other subjects. Health education needs therefore to be part of pre- and in-service teacher education programmes. The paper reports on the results of a project where the conceptions of teachers, pupils and parents on environment, health and health education have been investigated. The study is a qualitative case study in which a total of 42 teachers, 102 pupils and 53 parents participated voluntarily in the research. The resultant data was collected using questionnaires and theme interviews in autumn 2002 and in spring 2004. The data was analysed by using inductive content analysis methods.