- Author:
Justyna Eska-Mikołajewska
- E-mail:
eskaj@uek.krakow.pl
- Institution:
Instytut Politologii, Socjologii i Filozofii Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-2425
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
138-156
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20230107
- PDF:
ksm/37/ksm3707.pdf
The importance of relations with Australia and New Zealand as part of the UK’s post-Brexit engagement in the Indo-Pacific region
In the geopolitical situation in which Great Britain found itself after its withdrawal from the European Union in 2020, it was necessary to develop a new foreign and security policy strategy. The flagship concept of ‘Global Britain’ assumes the reorientation of the United Kingdom outside Europe and greater involvement in the security architecture of the Indo-Pacific region. The article examines to what extent the intention to strengthen relations with as likeminded partners in the Indo-Pacific region coincides with the assumptions of Australian and New Zealand policies. It has been shown that the former British dominions, which are part of the so-called Anglosphere, have been given a vital role in securing the UK’s position as a world leader. From the perspectives of the national interest of both countries, rebuilding ties with the former empire is considered an important strategic element, although giving it a priority in the current geopolitical realities is not possible. Australia and New Zealand put special emphasis on developing cooperation with the Indo-Pacific countries.
- Author:
Artur Roland Kozłowski
- E-mail:
akozlowski@wsb.gda.pl
- Institution:
WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-192X
- Author:
Grzegorz Krzykowski
- E-mail:
gkrzykowski@wsb.gda.pl
- Institution:
WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-7275
- Author:
Grahame Fallon
- E-mail:
grahame.fallon@gmail.com
- Institution:
Brunel University (United Kingdom)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-6328
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
49-70
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202320
- PDF:
ppsy/52/ppsy202320-3.pdf
The article presents the clustering of Polish citizens based on the empirical dimension of support for European integration. The structure of the work is based on three key elements constituting the basis of the presented text. The first refers to the development of a scale to measure the extent of support for the integration of Poland with the EU. The second element covers an area of support scale modelling. After the substantial and statistical analysis of the adequacy of the probability distribution for the support scale, it was decided that a model in which the scale underwent mixing non-standard Beta distributions would be adopted. Applying the Maximal Likelihood Method (ML), the components for its fitted probability densities and estimators of prior (or mixing) probabilities were indicated. The procedure allowed us to define the clusters of which the population of voters was composed. The paper’s final section presents many practical and theoretical conclusions for political parties and scientists interested in the discussed area. The novelty of applying the ML method goes hand in hand with the findings that previously appeared in political science literature, although under different economic and geopolitical conditions.
- Author:
Łukasz Danel
- E-mail:
lukasz.danel@uek.krakow.pl
- Institution:
Krakow University of Economics (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3377
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
159-175
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202329
- PDF:
ppsy/52/ppsy202329-10.pdf
The article attempts to answer whether, and if so, to what extent, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union (the so-called Brexit) impacted the British model of democracy. The starting point for the analysis is the famous classification of Arend Lijphart, who distinguished two main models of democracy – Westminster and consensus – identifying the United Kingdom as a prime example of the first of them. Using the method of institutional and legal analysis and the historical method, the author tries to prove the thesis that Brexit has shaken the foundations of the majoritarian democracy in the United Kingdom. However, the transformations of this model are not a new phenomenon, as they are part of the trend of changes occurring in this country, at least since the end of the 1990s. The article also proves the thesis that the serious political and systemic tensions to which Brexit – for very different reasons – led can be treated as temporary, as there is little indication that these tensions would permanently undermine the foundations of the Westminster model of democracy in the United Kingdom.
- Author:
Artur Kozłowski
- E-mail:
akozlowski@wsb.gda.pl
- Institution:
WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-192X
- Author:
Grzegorz Krzykowski
- E-mail:
grzegorz.krzykowski@gdansk.merito.pl
- Institution:
WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-7275
- Author:
Grahame Fallon
- E-mail:
grahame.fallon@gmail.com
- Institution:
Brunel University (United Kingdom)
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-6328
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
137-166
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202420
- PDF:
ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024209.pdf
This paper explores the economic and non-economic factors that could potentially lead to a Polish decision to remain within or leave the EU, following a future potential Polexit referendum. The study aims to determine the relative impact of Polish citizens’ values and attitudes on their support for their country’s continued EU membership and integration, at such a crucial time. The research is based on a survey conducted in December 2021, with a stratified sample of 1,517 respondents, and a statistical analysis of the findings. The results suggest that the relative importance of these factors could vary considerably, with economic factors potentially playing a less significant role than sociocultural and political elements. We argue that this projected outcome is likely to be influenced by citizens’ socio-demographic backgrounds, their perceived levels of economic security or insecurity, and differences in their economic and non-economic values, thereby creating potential opportunities for future populist Eurosceptic politicians in Poland to exploit, underlining the potential implications of these findings.
- Author:
Natalie Fox
- E-mail:
natalie.fox@uj.edu.pl
- Institution:
Jagiellonian University in Krakow
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-7997
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
229-239
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2024.04.18
- PDF:
ppk/80/ppk8018.pdf
In recent years, the United Kingdom has seen a growing doctrinal discourse around competing models of legal and political constitutionalism. The situation has been exacerbated by ongoing changes in both theory and practice, which have engendered a strong conviction that the UK is now departing from the political constitutionalism associated with the traditional model of parliamentary sovereignty, in which Parliament’s legislative power is unlimited by law and the courts have no right to question the validity of laws on substantive grounds. From a theoretical point of view, legal constitutionalists contributed to provoking this change while desiring to continue to promote it by moving almost completely and exclusively towards legal constitutionalism, thus supplanting its political formula. From a practical point of view, however, one should bear in mind that the events that led to a specific change in thinking about British constitutionalism encompass, in particular, the legal consequences resulting from the UK’s membership in the European Union, including the phenomenon of the so-called judicial activism. Nevertheless, these events were also induced by the expansion and strengthening of judicial review of administrative actions, judicial shaping of the principle of legality, as well as by the enactment and application of the Human Rights Act 1998.