In the given article the issues concerning normative resolutions which are given by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan according to criminal cases are pointed out. The structure and mechanism of normative resolutions are discussed. Correlation of normative legal acts are investigated. Normative legal acts consist of legal norms, they regulate and manage social relations. It means that, as the normative legal acts play an important role on the judicial sphere, they create, change the norms and even can stop their activity. Here we may include constitutional laws, codes, laws, all charters of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan which have legal power. Normative resolutions are equal for all, according to definite cases it is used not for one person, but for several people. Also, normative resolutions are used in accordance with legal acts, and until the used norm loses its power it can have definite power.

2018 local self-government elections in Poland were special ones. Brought to light mismatching of provisions of the Electoral Code and Act on Local Self-Government Employees and attempt to use it to obtain an advantage in fight for political power caused political emotions and legal controversies. The aim of this article is presents limits imposed by criminal law on right to be elected in this type of elections and more general, role of criminal law as a tool in politics. The article presents a problem of conflict of legal regulations regarding the right to be elected and perform a public function in a local self-government unit as a problem of conflict between will of voters and attitude of politicians to creation of law and aim they try to obtain.

The ban on assemblies in Poland during the epidemic and criminal liability

During the 16 months of the epidemic threat, and then the state of the epidemic, the executive authority introduced restrictive restrictions in the area of freedom of assembly, periodically forbidding them completely. Regardless of the bans introduced, during the indicated period, there were numerous protests and demonstrations triggered by the lockdown, government policy or the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of October 22, 2020. The author tries to answer the question whether the bans and restrictions introduced by the executive met the constitutional standard, and if not, whether the behavior of organizers or participants of assemblies constituting the implementation of their constitutional freedoms could fulfill the criteria of specific offenses or crimes. For this purpose, the author analyzes, inter alia, judgments of common courts, as well as the judgment of the Supreme Court of July 1, 2021.

Constitutional Standard of Clarity in the Aspect of the Crime of Theft with Burglary

The study relates to the analysis of Art. 279 of the Penal Code (theft with burglary) from the point of view of constitutional standards of clarity of criminal law (Art. 42 sec. 1 of the Constitution). The analysis concerns the case law of the Supreme Court. The jurisprudence takes into account technical and technological progress which is important for the interpretation of the notion “burglary”. Dictionary definitions of this notion were also used. Moreover, the principle of nullum crimen sine lege certa was interpreted in the light of the Constitutional Tribunal’s jurisprudence. Against this background, it was concluded that Art. 279 of the Penal Code does not infringe the Constitution and its application – with the use of a dynamic method of interpretation – does not raise any objections. This provision adequately protects legal goods and its content allows for the predictable reconstruction of the features of a prohibited act.

The concept of terrorism raises serious disputes and doubts. Difficulty in defining the phenomenon of terrorism is the problem of distinguishing terrorist activities from acts committed by madmen or criminals. The considerations taken in the text concentrate on the searching for the answer to the question: is it possible to construct a commonly accepted definition of terrorism? It was necessary to refer the perception of terrorism and show the scientific approach to terrorism as a phenomenon present in the modern societies.

The secret of correspondence is a very important rights and freedoms. It is guaranteed in acts of international law and by the provisions of the Polish Constitution. In the system of Polish law, constitutional norms specify the provisions of civil law, concerning personal rights, copyright and criminal law. The term correspondence should be understood broadly in the present relations and not limited only to traditional paper letters.

In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.

The Decalogue and modern criminal law

The ten words written on stone tablets, given to Moses and established as God’s positive law in the pages of the Old Testament, should be read as a signpost for the believer. The precepts and prohibitions of the Decalogue: “Thou shall not kill, Thou shall not steal, Thou shall not bear false witness” are typified as crimes in various legal systems today. The following article deals with the interdependencies and differences between the Divine plan and man-made law. Restrictions under the laws of the Decalogue and the ‘deterrent’ norms of criminal law do not restrain human freedom, but serve the good of all mankind. Man can live without the law, but the law does not function without man as a subject of rights and obligations. Therefore, it is necessary to realise that the Ten Commandments and their consequences in modern criminal law are part of the axiological system and always serve the good of the individual.