The process of system transformation starting in the 90s and continuing its consequences since more than a decade directs to the functioning in the mentioned context of social actors with the specific scope of demands, related to their adaptation to the liberal and democratic reality. The demands are directed to the individuals as well as to the different institutions, among others to the educational ones. The process of adaptation to new social conditions and reaching more actual qualities, in the criteria of the highly advanced in specific aspects societies or communities, can take on the form of modernisation. In the paper there are analysed the characteristics of the actual social realities of pluralistic, liberal, democratic every-day conditions, their consequences for the spheres of the individuals' functioning and directions of the possibilities of utilizing the resolves implicated by the theory of modernisation in creating the educational and extra-educational reality.

The influence of military reforms on the formation of the democratic system in Spain (1975–1996)

This article discusses the key military reforms in Spain from 1975 to 1996 and their significance in the country’s transition from Franco’s dictatorship to a democratic regime. Following General Franco’s death in 1975, Spain faced the challenge of transforming its authoritarian political system into a stable democracy. One of the most critical elements of this process was the reform of the military structures, which played a pivotal role in maintaining the old regime. The article analyzes significant changes in the Spanish armed forces, including the adoption of a new military criminal code, reforms related to compulsory military service, and steps towards the professionalization of the army. It also examines the impact of these reforms on civil-military relations, particularly in reducing hostile sentiments towards the military and increasing its popularity and acceptance among citizens. The article highlights the role of King Juan Carlos as a key mediator during the transition period, who managed to persuade the military to accept democratic changes. Military reforms contributed to limiting the military’s ability to intervene in internal politics, which was crucial for consolidating the new democratic regime. These reforms led to the Spanish army ceasing to act as a political arbiter and focusing on its primary defense tasks, which significantly impacted the stabilization and development of democratic Spain.