The aim of the article is to present selected issues related to the implementation of women’s right to special state assistance in a period as important as the period of maternity, as well as the scope and limits of this protection. The protection of mothers provided for in Art. 71 sec. 2 of the Constitution requires an increase in the standard of protection and assistance. According to the author, the Constitution creates sufficient grounds for public authorities to provide assistance to mothers in such an important period as motherhood. The Constitution left the scope of this assistance to the statutes.