NSZZ “Solidarność” years 1980 – 1990 as an integrated factor of Kujawsko-Pomorskie region

Independent Self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity” did not accept the disintegration of the state by dividing into 49 small provinces and districts liquidation – both in the program and operations sought to community actions. Similarly happened in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region, where “Solidarity” unionists in the public and conspiracy activities sought to create a macro-region of their trade union within the limits of the liquidated in 1975 Bydgoszcz-region. By 1989 cooperation between regions: Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek was very good. The experience of “Solidarity” can now be used in the process of integration of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region, as an idea of regional solidarity – a sense of mutual dependence and mutual responsibility for the prosperity and development of the entire region.

Celem niniejszej analizy jest wskazanie roli, jaką w systemie zapobiegania zagrożeniom na terenach transgranicznych odgrywa Górskie Ochotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe. Kolejno zostaną omówione Górskie Ochotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe, jego miejsce wśród grup dyspozycyjnych i strategii bezpieczeństwa państwa oraz rola w procesie zapobiegania zagrożeniom w regionach transgranicznych.

Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu kapitału społecznego województwa świętokrzyskiego. Analizie poddano takie elementy, jak: zaufanie, odpowiedzialność za dobro wspólne, skłonność do zrzeszania się oraz deklarowaną aktywność społeczną, udział w wyborach władz. Do analizy wykorzystano badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród mieszkańców województwa świętokrzyskiego pod koniec 2014 r. Zdiagnozowany poziom kapitału społecznego badanych osób nie napawa optymizmem – cechuje go niski stopień zaufania ogólnego, stosunkowo niewielkie zaangażowanie w inicjatywy na rzecz dobra wspólnego oraz małe zainteresowanie aktywnością organizacji społecznych. Takie postawy i zachowania prawdopodobnie wpłyną negatywnie na perspektywy rozwoju gospodarki regionalnej opartej na wiedzy, spowolnią postęp społeczny, a w efekcie utrudnią zwiększenie poziomu dobrobytu mieszkańców województwa świętokrzyskiego.

W artykule omówiono podstawowe dokumenty podpisane w czasie siódmego rosyjsko-chińskiego spotkania na szczycie (drugiego nieformalnego spotkania na szczycie) w Pekinie w dniach 9–10 grudnia 1999 r. W trakcie spotkania podpisano wspólny komunikat informacyjny z nieformalnego spotkania oraz wspólne oświadczenie rosyjsko-chińskie, a także trzy porozumienia międzyrządowe – dwa protokoły – opisy linii rosyjsko-chińskiej granicy państwowej w jej wschodniej oraz zachodniej części oraz porozumienie o wspólnym gospodarczym użytkowaniu wyodrębnionych wysp i przylegających do nich akwatoriów rzek pogranicznych.

According to EU guidelines, modern education should focus on learning skills. It is anticipated that most of the professions that are known today will disappear in a dozen or so years and new ones will replace them. The labor market will require teamwork skills, creative thinking and problem solving. The formal education system cannot keep up with all these changes and requirements. For several years the movement of activities related to adventure education has been expanding in Poland: organizations operating in this trend are established, cooperate with each other, enter into international structures, and the network of forest kindergartens is expanding. The very concept of “adventure education” is known to a small group of educators and animators for now. Assumptions are associated with scouting - although they should not be equated with it. Adventure education is primarily in the field of non-formal education, but following the example of Slovenia or Great Britain, it is also trying to enter schools in Poland. It is successfully used in sociotherapeutic activities, and is increasingly involved in activities by scout organizations and commercial companies. So what is adventure education? Is it worth investing and why? What are its assumptions? What competences and skills does it teach? This article will attempt to answer these questions in relation to own research carried out as part of the adventure programs implemented in the years 2015.

The Treaty of Lisbon strengthened the legal position of national parliaments in their activities at the level of the European Union. It means that the two chambers of the Polish Parliament - Sejm and Senate, each in its own scope, participate in consideration of issues concerning the European Union. They must share the right to participate in legislative processes with the executive authorities at the national level and with the institutions of the Union. The new legal regulation provides national parliaments with new competences, which should have a constitutional basis.

Why is it so good when it is so bad – integration activity of local government units in agglomerations in the Czech Republic and Poland

When pursuing the aim of the paper – to determine the sustainability of cooperation between local governments in agglomerations – an attempt was made to establish: What is the future of cooperation between agglomerations in the Czech Republic and Poland? Do partnerships under Integrated Territorial Investments foster a culture of cooperation? What kind of barriers must be overcome by local governments in connection with integration activities in agglomerations? The paper uses the comparative and diagnostic survey methods (an online survey in the Czech Republic and a postal survey in Poland). The empirical research was conducted among the members of the structures of Integrated Territorial Investments. It was found that integration problems in agglomerations include: financial difficulties of smaller municipalities, dominant position of the main city/cities, leadership style, trust, authorities’ fears about limiting their independence in the field of cooperation, influence of political views on relationships.

Constitutional and Statutory Basis for the Cooperation of Commune Self-Governments with Non-Governmental Organizations in the Implementation of the Providing Function for the War Refugees from Ukraine

The subject of the study is the performance of a providing function by communal governments in Poland in the context of the influx of war refugees from Ukraine in 2022. The work analyzes the legal basis for the operation of Polish local governments in this area. The author adopted as a research hypothesis the statement according to which the implementation of social assistance for war refugees from Ukraine was possible thanks to the cooperation of local governments with non-governmental organizations and parishes. The aim of the study is to show the need and effectiveness of cooperation between local governments and non-governmental organizations in Poland and parishes. The final conclusion of the study is the statement that thanks to the cooperation of local governments with non-governmental organizations and parishes, communal governments could better fulfill their function of providing services to people in need.

The article aims to investigate the system of the social market economy in Poland and Italy. It compares constitutional provisions, distinguishing national commonalities and discrepancies. They are the basis for the identification of the precepts common to all social market economies in Europe. The analysis concludes that combining economic rights with social interests is essential to establishing the social market economy.

Maritime policy and economy in the context of the activities of the Chinese-Polish Joint Stock Shipping Company

The article concerns the issue of Chinese-Polish economic cooperation in the maritime sector shown on the example of the Chinese-Polish Joint Stock Shipping Company. The article focuses on the factors that contributed to the establishment of business contacts and how the cooperation between the countries has developed over the more than 70 years of the company’s existence. It shows both the benefits that resulted from the cooperation and the political difficulties that the company’s existence generated. The article presents the operating principles of the company and the areas of joint activity are described in detail. In addition, the current state of Chinese-Polish economic relations is presented mainly through the prism of the company’s operation.