The article attempts to analyse the notions of school culture and school climate as well as their definitions, scopes and the applied research approaches. Although such activities have been undertaken and presented both in English and German literature, they have failed to constitute a separate field of analysis in Poland and as such, have been merely addressed on the margins of other problems. In this article, the author points out the positions of researchers who have identified the need to clarify the separate identity of the notions and for this purpose, to adopt appropriate research approaches, often leading, as the author attempts to illustrate, to diverse conclusions.

The topic of formative assessment has rarely been addressed in Polish educational research studies, and the connection between formative assessment and the school climate has, until now, never been examined. The subject of this quantitative study were the formative assessment practices used by elementary school teachers and the school social climate. The participants were students (N=491) and teachers (N=60). Findings indicate that: (1) to a varying degree, teachers use activities that make up formative assessment, (2) schools differ significantly in their formative assessment practices, (3) the social climate at these schools is positive, (4) formative assessment practices are positively correlated with the school climate.

The presented study explored the memories of 332 pedagogy students about the bullying experiences and their former schools. Findings indicate that: (1) young adults have very different experiences with bullying, (2) time spent at middle school was assessed as the worst, (3) general judgment of school was correlated with bullying experiences, especially students who were involved in bullying problems as a victim or bystander were less positive in their appraisals of school. The study provides a unique account of how young adults view their school experiences. Data is discussed in terms of its psycho-educational implications.

This paper deals with the problem of school climate and research into it. We introduce results of school climate assessment at grammar school from the viewpoint of students, teachers and parents.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the school climate in elementary schools. The sample included 231 teachers in 17 public elementary schools in Burdur, Turkey. An exploratory factor analysis on the OCDQ revealed eight factors and reliability analysis indicated that the instrument was reliable. The subscales emerged were hindrance, disengagement, esprit, intimacy, aloofness, trust, consideration, production emphasis. A cluster analysis was performed and two main clusters formed. In addition to descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were used. A negative relationship between production emphasis and disengagement was found while aloofness and trust positively related to hindrance.