Artykuł przedstawia wybrane wartości chrześcijańskie, odgrywające zasadniczą rolę w wychowaniu i kształtowaniu osobowości człowieka – miłość bliźniego, prawda, rodzina. Ponadto mawia rolę środowisk wychowawczych – rodziny, szkoły, Kościoła – w procesie wychowywania i budowania tożsamości kulturowej.

Protection of marriage and the family  in the light of the Constitution of Poland

This article covers the considerations on the protection of marriage and the family in the light of the Polish Constitution. It aims to present the good of the family and its protection in the light of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997. It can be reasonably assumed that marriage and the family are the values that occupy a special position in the hierarchy of constitutional values so that they are under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland. Each family – complete, incomplete or without children – is subject to protection. The task of the State is to protect the rights of the family, that is to create such conditions in which members of the family will be able to exercise human rights, to which they are entitled by the virtue of belonging to the family. The public authorities in their actions should support the family in the performance of its social features, but in a way that is subtle without excessive interference in the sphere of family life.

The aim of the article was to present the main problems related to the functioning of a child with a rare disease at school and to show the forms of support for the child and his family offered by the school. In the text, I present the results of research carried out using the method of narrative interview among parents of children with a rare genetic disease. Respondents present difficult choices related to the choice of school and frequent changes of educational facilities for their children. They also show positive examples of support provided to the child by the school and educators. Parents appreciate that the teachers establish a subjective relationship with the child and parents, provide the child with proper care during classes, innovate in teaching and the attitude of openness that is passed on to the school community.

Constitutional Basis for the Support of the Family by the Public Authorities in Poland

The article is devoted to the problem of the support for the family by public authorities in the light of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The article discusses the essence of the family, the good of the family as a constitutional value, the right of a family in a difficult material and social situation to special help from public authorities and the issue of help given to the mother before and after childbirth (Article 71 of the Constitution). According to the author, the Constitution creates sufficient grounds for providing support by public authorities to families which require such support. In this respect, the key issue is the requirement to take into account the good of the family in the state’s social and economic policy. However, the final shape and scope of assistance is determined by law.

W artykule prezentuję wybrane koncepcje z zakresu socjologii medycyny, które są, moim zdaniem, przydatne w pedagogicznej refleksji nad osobami z niepełnosprawnością i ich rodzinami oraz szeroko pojmowanej pedagogice międzykulturowej. Dotyczą one zagadnień związanych z rolą chorego w przestrzeni społecznej, psychospołecznych konsekwencji choroby, m.in. stygmatyzowania osób chorych/z niepełnosprawnością oraz relacji tych osób i ich rodzin ze środowiskiem medycznym (lekarzami, personelem medycznym).

Zagadnienie współuczestnictwa rodziców i nauczycieli w realizacji założeń edukacji wielo- i międzykulturowej nie należy do mocno wyeksponowanych w literaturze przedmiotu. Autorka artykułu podejmuje próbę przybliżenia typów partycypacji obu stron we wskazany obszar edukacyjny, korzysta z koncepcji rodzajów uczestnictwa rodziców i nauczycieli we wspólnym kształceniu i wychowaniu Volkera Krumma. Koncepcja ta stanowi podstawę do przedstawienia w analogiczny sposób czynnej i biernej partycypacji rodziców i nauczycieli w realizację wytycznych z zakresu edukacji wielo- i międzykulturowej, z jednoczesnym określeniem, które z tych typów, z jakich względów, mogą być podejmowane z większym/mniejszym powodzeniem.

Rozwód jest jednym z tragicznych wydarzeń w życiu rodziny. W obecnych czasach jest coraz większe przyzwolenie na rozwody i łatwiej jest się rozstać niż podjąć próbę wspólnego ratowania związku. Rozwód poważnie zaburza funkcjonowanie rodziny i w dużym stopniu oddziałuje na osobowość dziecka. Konflikt między rodzicami przeżywany jest przez dziecko bardzo silnie, głównie jako zagrożenie własnego bezpieczeństwa. Kryzys małżeństwa odsłania dramat dzieci, którym rodzice podejmując decyzję o rozstaniu, pozbawiają bezpiecznego domu. Rozwód powoduje negatywne skutki w psychice dziecka, wpływa poważnie na jego teraźniejszość i przyszłość.

Psychoactive substances that change consciousness have been accompanying man since time immemorial. They cause loss of control, disturbance of perception, change in perception of the world and the fall of one’s own humanity. The danger of addiction increasingly affects young people. Transformation of the family model, secularization, depression, stress and decline in value cause the phenomenon is gaining momentum. The potential that lies in the younger generation expires with every media information on drug gangs and alcohol robberies. The awakening of consciousness in the young generation seems crucial, so that they can refuse assertively and with full awareness. The content presented in the article shows an analysis of adolescents’ responses to the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents. The conclusions resulting from the article indicate the need for preventive measures on the part of the school and, above all, the family environment. The ability to work on one’s own weaknesses and finding a constructive alternative for spending free time are also key

In this article, I present the topic of work on the feelings undertaken by doctors and medical staff towards a child with a rare disease and its immediate family. I refer to the sociological concept of the trajectory of the disease. I used the method of the narrative interview in terms of Frütz Schitze. In the last part of the article, I present the results of research carried out with the mother of the sick person. The respondent presents cooperation with specialists in a negative light. Both doctors and nurses do not undertake interactional work of the patient and his relatives, nor do they trustt work in them and biographical work. Such work is of great importance in the treatment of the child and in the process of supporting his relatives. Actions taken by specialists affect the life of the patient and his family not only in terms of physical health. They are also about the well-being of the family, its emotional resources. The result of evident mistakes in these actions is the fact that the mother of the sick child does not work through a difficult biographical experience.

Atrakcyjność i aktualność badań prowadzonych wokół życia rodzinnego związana jest z dynamicznymi przemianami społeczno-kulturowymi, gospodarczymi, a także politycznymi zachodzącymi w skali globalnej. Nie bez znaczenia dla funkcjonowania rodziny i jej członków jest również sytuacja światowej pandemii, która znacząco wpłynęła na strukturę rodziny oraz potrzeby i wartości cenione przez jej członków. Żywotność tematu skłania do refleksji nad kondycją współczesnej rodziny i rodzi potrzebę poznania skutków oddziaływań zewnętrznych na jej kształt i środowisko wewnętrzne. W zaprezentowanym opracowaniu podejmuję rozważania wokół problematyki rodziny, interesują mnie przede wszystkim małżeństwa mieszane, które stają się coraz bardziej widoczne, nie tylko w statystykach zawieranych małżeństw, a przede wszystkim w życiu społecznym. Zawiązywanie małżeństw mieszanych znajduje swoje uzasadnienie w zwiększonej mobilności społecznej, pozbawieniu barier świata komunikacji interpersonalnej (powszechne wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii w życiu zawodowym oraz osobistym), może również wynikać z indywidualnych potrzeb i preferencji osób zawierających takie związki małżeńskie. Małżeństwo mieszane samo w sobie może być wartością, jednak fakt bycia w takim związku może stanowić swego rodzaju balast. Zaprezentowane opracowanie jest próbą uchwycenia pewnych tendencji zachodzących w doświadczeniach życia społecznego przez małżeństwa mieszane. W artykule wyróżniam trzy części, w których kolejno wprowadzam w problematykę życia rodzinnego i funkcjonowania małżeństw mieszanych, następnie analizuję dane i materiały, nakreślając pewne tendencje odnoszące się do różnych aspektów życia rodzinnego i życia w społeczeństwie. Opracowanie kończę podsumowaniem i wskazaniem wniosków.

The proto-industrial family and the perspectives of its demographic research in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century (an example of the village Stružinec in north-eastern Bohemia)

Proto-industrialization is an interesting phenomenon that has been discussed for more than half a century. The most disputed part of this theory is the demographic aspects. The submitted article focuses on research opportunities of the proto-industrial family in the 18th and 19th centuries; the research focuses on Stružinec u Lomnice nad Popelkou, a village in north-eastern Bohemia. Only a comprehensive study of demographic indicators makes it possible to establish the basic differences between the family in proto-industrial and agriculture-based areas.

Courtesy stigma – a challenge for intercultural education

In the article, I describe sick people and people from their immediate environment as Other. I present sociological concepts and research results regarding courtesy stigma. I present an analysis of the narrative interview regarding the mother’s experience of stigmatizing a sick child. Intercultural education is to prepare for life in a diverse world, shape the understanding of difference, learn to get rid of prejudices and stereotypes, therefore, in the end of my considerations, I propose solutions to this pedagogical concept that can improve the well-being of sick people and their relatives stigmatized by the environment.

A family with a skipped generation: the lived experiences of grandparents raising grandchildren

Aim: In the last decade, many countries around the world have seen an increase in the number of skip-generation families in which grandparents take over the responsibility of raising grandchildren. The phenomenon described is also becoming more common in Poland. This article presents selected results of a study aimed at better understanding the experiences of grandparents raising grandchildren in skipped generation families. Methods: Participants were purposively selected from grandparents raising grandchildren living in skipped generation families in the Podlaskie Province. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 participants. The use of a biographical perspective in the research provided detailed narratives of the life experiences of older grandparents in skip generation families. Results and conclusions: The grandparents’ stories show the duality of experience consisting simultaneously of stress/satisfaction, sadness/joy, being seen/not seen. Addressing the issues faced by grandparents living in households with the skipped generation is important as it can reduce stress levels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model of support for grandparents raising grandchildren in skipped generation households which could be relevant for adapting to a new life situation and increasing psychological well-being.

Catholic Marital and Family Morality in the View of School Youth

The author analyses several issues related to the broadly understood human sexuality perceived in the perspective of pro-family values and norms of Catholic provenance. In sociological research, the results of which are discussed in this article, high school students responded to selected attitudes and behaviours negatively evaluated in Catholic marital and family ethics, such as: sexual intercourse before church marriage, use of contraceptives, marital infidelity, divorce, and abortion. The changes taking place in the sphere of intimacy are clear. A significant part of young Poles is in a dissonant-stressful situation. There is no correspondence between a personally recognised and practiced value system and a value system derived from religion. Some Catholics live according to rules and norms that have no legitimacy in the Catholic religion. However, it should be emphasized that sociologists with an empirical orientation are more interested in questioning and transgressing moral norms than in their content or social recognition, and they speak too hastily about permissiveness and moral relativism.

Working abroad in educational and occupational experiences of individuals (as exemplified by migrant live-in/elderly caregivers in Germany). Selected survey results

As a response to social needs, the job of a round-the-clock live-in caregiver for the elderly is a type of employment that requires mobility in the demanding labour market. The cause for this has been a rapidly growing demand for senior care. In the German market, caregiver’s work is particularly often carried out by migrant workers, including Polish nationals. As a Poland’s close neighbour sharing broadly the same cultural background, Germany has become for many Poles a potential labour market. A bilateral survey was carried out to identify experiences, earlier educational and occupational paths, motivations, opinions, evaluations, and attitudes of respondents employed as migrant live-in caregivers in German households. The sample consisted of 119 individuals. The survey results demonstrate that the respondents view their occupation as caregivers as, on the one hand, a source of income and an escape from financial hardship and, on the other hand, a challenge that allowed them to prove their value and satisfy the need to be useful. Working as caregivers, they learn and develop their interpersonal skills (relations with other people, patience, humbleness) and intramental skills (reflections on the transience of human life, the old age, handling the death and loss).

Polityka społeczna w Polsce w ramach modelu socjaldemokratycznego ukierunkowana jest na bezpieczeństwo socjalne. Istotnym wyzwaniem dla polskiej polityki społecznej jest podniesienie poziomu dzietności w oparciu o efektywne rozwiązania w polityce rodzinnej. W ramach polityki rodzinnej prowadzone są działania ukierunkowane na zabezpieczenie społeczne poprzez m.in.: świadczenia rodzinne, świadczenia z funduszu alimentacyjnego, świadczenia wychowawcze. Istotnym elementem polityki rodzinnej w Polsce było wprowadzenie w 2014 r. Karty Dużej Rodziny, skierowanej do rodzin wielodzietnych (posiadających minimum trójkę dzieci). Karty Dużej Rodziny jest ogólnopolskim wsparciem (w odróżnieniu od kart samorządowych). W ciągu 2 lat funkcjonowania w systemie polityki społecznej Karta Dużej Rodziny jest honorowana przez 1179 partnerów i jest instrumentem rozwijającym się.

Large Family Card as one of family supports in Poland

On the Importance of the Constitutional Principle of Legal Protection of Family Life in the Process of Applying the Law

The purpose of the article is to show the importance of the constitutional rule of legal protection of family life in the process of application of the law, during which the determination of the correct meaning of the norm of the law by means of a constitutional norm, is primarily important for a proper, pro-constitutional interpretation and ensures that the decision to apply the law, will be correct. The starting point for the research assumption will be an attempt to determine what designations constitute the concept of legal protection of the family, what provisions of the Polish Constitution implement this principle, and what is the function and subjective scope of this guarantee. The analysis will focus on selected provisions of the Polish Constitution and rulings of common courts, administrative courts, the Supreme Administrative Court and the Supreme Court, in which the discussed principle influenced the decision to apply the law.

Moral Education in the Family Within the Sociopedagogical Narrative

It is in the family that the goals of religious and moral upbringing are realized most strongly, and the family is the most important place for religious and moral formation. In the present sociopedagogical analysis, we will highlight some possibilities and difficulties in moral upbringing, both from a sociological perspective and in the light of pedagogical reflection. Such discussions are important in view of the ongoing deconstruction of many of the values and norms hitherto prevailing in societies and the weakening of moral education processes in the family. Moral upbringing – considered from a sociological point of view – leads to such a stage of personality development, where the individual decides on the moral value of his or her actions, on what is right or wrong, honest or dishonest, based on the moral principles, goals and ideals commonly recognized in a given culture.

Individualization Processes in the Family

The article is a generalized reflection on the moral condition of the modern family, with particular emphasis on the Polish family. Against the background of the classical view of the family, the processes of individualization in the modern family, both in general and specific dimensions, have been presented. Our discussion based on the findings of one’s own and other sociologists’ research indicate the slow processes of detraditionalization and individualization of marital and family life, as well as its internal secularization. We assume that the collected empirical data essentially reflects the actual views, opinions, preferences and attitudes of Polish youth and provides a good sociological portrait of both the young and older generation of Poles. The article mainly contains some generalizations based on empirical research.