Disinformation as one of the tools in hybrid warfare

This article aims to highlight the variety of tools used today in hybrid warfare, which combine conventional warfare with irregular tactics and disinformation, posing new challenges to traditional strategies. The conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, Ukraine and Russia, and Poland and Belarus, among others, where disinformation and the media played a key role, were analysed. The need for media education, public awareness raising, accountability of media and social media platforms, and the introduction of regulation as integrated measures necessary to build resilience against information manipulation were identified.

The fight against disinformation in the European Union, using the example of the war in Ukraine

Disinformation, meaning false information disseminated to mislead or deceive the audience, is gaining prominence in social and political life. This article aims to analyze the Russian disinformation narrative regarding the war in Ukraine and to present the European Union’s response to this false narrative. The study was carried out based on literature on the subject, source documents, and content posted on the EUdisinfo.eu. The analysis shows how dangerous the Russian disinformation narrative is for international relations and how important it is to constantly analyze content published on the Internet and expose irregularities.