The problem of determination of cognitive and semiotic functions: notion – concept, sign – simulacrum

The paper focuses on logical relations between the terms concept and notion as well as sign and simulacrum in an anthropocentric conception of cognitive and language worldpictures. The author sets apart the first two terms on the basis of semantics and pragmatics considering notion as a semantic information unit and concept – as a cultural-pragmatic unit. The author suggests that the terms sign and simulacrum should be distinguished the same way: sign is every function that aims to semiotize a notion, whereas simulacrum is a sign, the pragmatics of which is of mythmakingcharacter, i.e. aims to create a simulation of verity of information during communication.

Discrimination in access to public information and the visibility of websites administration

Access to public information is a right that on the basis of the Constitution provides each citizen, and on the basis of the Law on Access to Information publicznej – to everyone irrespective of their citizenship by him. Both the Law on Access to Public Information and its accompanying regulation indicate what conditions must meet the website of the public authority, that it can be considered as a Public Information Bulletin. The parties are often not adapted to the needs of people with disabilities or digitally excluded. It seems that in this case we can speak of a restriction of their right to access to public information. To overcome the barriers that previously existed for access to public information of persons with disabilities, established a series of regulations aimed at ensuring web accessibility for people with disabilities. At the same time it seems that the measures taken are not sufficient or are not sufficiently used and do not provide full accessibility of public administration websites visually impaired and partially sighted.

The labeling of food products as a tool that guarantees the correct implementation of the consumer’s constitutional right to information

The aim of this study is to indicate selected legal aspects regarding the correct implementation of the consumer’s constitutional right to information in relation to the labeling of food products, with particular emphasis on the consumer’s rights in this area resulting directly from the Constitution. The conducted analysis is to show and emphasize the multi-aspect and complexity of the issue of marking, first of all in the context of the situation of the consumer defined by the provisions of constitutional law. Due to the specificity of the paper, the following methods will be used: dogmatic and content analysis and document analysis. They will allow for the analysis of research material, which is national legislation at the constitutional level, as well as other specific laws covering the subject matter. On the other hand, the views of representatives of legal science and, to the necessary extent, representatives of other sciences will be analyzed. Legal acts, legal monographs, commentaries and articles included periodicals and legal monographs and comments will be used.

The article attempts to identify information hazards to Poland in the context of hazards determining the loss of the state’s image as perceived by international opinion, indicating the metamorphosis associated with conditions characteristic for the social influence operations. The impact of tendencies in building of the national and international security, being determinants for social hazards, was emphasised. An analysis of development of information hazards, their dissemination and resonance in Poland in the period between 2016 and 2021, forms a prominent part of the article. The influence and the role of mass media in shaping of awareness were presented, revealing mechanisms for creating the public opinion.