The right to ownership and its protection in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

Ownership protection is one of the rights in the political system of the Republic of Poland. Article 21 of the Constitution safeguards ownership protection in general. Other property rights also seem to be protected on the basis of that general provision such as the ones resulting from Article 64 of the Constitution. Although the obligation of legal ownership protection is vested mainly in the state authorities, other entities, including private ones, are also obliged to comply. The right to property is not absolute and in accordance with Article 64 “may only be limited by means of a statute” but only to the extent not violating its substance. What seems worth considering in this context is the issue of limitations of the procurement of the agricultural real estate as well as liberalization of the provisions concerning tree removal.

A bank enforcement title as an instrument of protection’s system of the right to ownership

An institution of a bank enforcement title stirs many controversies in the Polish legal doctrine. In addition it is a subject of a heat discussion among politicians, journalists and public opinion. The bank’s debtors are often required to submit themselves to enforcement of claims arising from their relationships with the bank. Notarial deeds are not required for such a submission, which makes the process more advantageous and less costly than the voluntary submission described above. In the event of default, the bank may issue a bank enforcement title on the basis of the debtor’s submission to enforcement. Such enforcement title is regulated in a detailed and strict manner by Polish Banking Law. In the paper the authors aimed at a scrutiny of a bank enforcement title on the ground of the right to ownership, protected by Polish Constitution of 1997. Taking into account axiology of the all legal system they do investigate constitutionality and then the purposefulness of the institution.