The analysis contained in the subject matter article focuses on two linked matters, which is the detailed description of the entitled one to perfom the constiutional right to access public information and the evaluation of the judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal of December 2nd (SK 36/14), in which it claimed that the constitutional protection of the right to access public information (article 61 of the Polish Constitution) is exclusively reserved for the benefit of citizens. 

Implementation of the openness of the judiciary judgments  as access to the public information as element of social control

The openness of public life is an event of the so called new time. It is a value that is evaluated positiv because by guaranteeing the access to the information about so called public affairs creates a possibility of the social control and by the same time an active function of the individual in the state with a democratic system. One of his elements is the possibility of gaining information via measures of public subjects that are called subjects that are obliged to give information. In view of the wide approach of the notion public information guaranteed by the legislator such information are also judgments of judiciary organs. In the Polish law order there are various forms of granting of the court judgments. One of the solutions is the granting according to the act of law dated 6. September 2001 about public information. This work shall evaluate that process of the granting and confrontation with other forms of the openness implementation of the court judgments.

Information obligations of professional local authorities  in the light of the act on access to public information  and protection of business confidentiality

Act of 6 September, 2001 on access to public information guarantee everyone the right to public information, but the right to public information is subject to limitation of the secret of an entrepreneur. The same act on access to public information does not contain the definition of the secret of an entrepreneur. We are forced in this case to apply Article 11.4 of of Act of combating unfair competition. Company confidentiality is understood to include the entrepreneur’s technical, technological organisational or other information having commercial value, which is not disclosed to the public to which the entrepreneur has taken the necessary steps to maintain confidentiality. In this article indicates a problem associated with the provision of public information, because of the secret of an entrepreneur.

Understanding the right of access to public information on the grounds of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

The access to public information creates a constitutional right for the citizens, but at the same time it creates the duty for the public authorities to allow its realisation to the greatest extent. The Polish Constitution involves legal norms which meet these requirements, however, doubts arise as to their interpretation. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify these doubts and to aim at their reasonable interpretation, which at the same time would be parallel to the will of the legislator of the constitutional system.

Instruments for the protection of legal interests of the individual in the  context of access to public information in the light of the Law on Access to Public Information and in the Law on Spatial Planning and Development

The tendency to seek knowledge and the desire to gain it is a result of basic existential needs of an individual. The idea is to fulfil the so-called cognitive needs by having access to information which an individual needs in a given place and at a given time. Nowadays, access to public information as a certain type of a legal institution is not only a condition for existence of a democratic rule of law but above all it is an efficient tool to implement numerous civil rights. Therefore, a precise definition of what instruments are included in the concept of common information law based on general rules applicable in the dis-cussed range, as well as in the range of regulations related to specific areas of an individual’s life, plays an essential role in the functioning of an information society. Determination of measures which a unit can benefit from, or which have been created for an individual within the institution of access to information, in particular in the field of spatial planning and development, is the main subject of deliberations conducted in this paper.

The right to access to public information in the  verdicts of administrative courts

The access to public information plays very important role in democratic society. He provides access to information about very important public matters, about activities of organs of public authority, public duties. The right to access to public information has been developed in Polen as a constitutional right only to the Constitution in 1997. Until the adoption and entry into force of the Act on access to public information, the Article 61 of Constitution was basic regulation which guaranteed access to public information. The right to access to public information was and is still developed in the verdicts of administrative courts. The administrative courts played very important role in configuration limits of protection this right.

This article discusses the legal basis of citizen e-participation, understood as the use of digital media in the relations of citizens and governments in order to increase participation by citizens. The concept of top-down e-participation determines the scope of analysis. The legal review of the local, national and international law shows that there are some well-regulated levels of e-participation in Poland while others are not a subject of legal regulations.