Ensuring the security of the state is one of the primary responsibilities of its authorities, which can take a number of legal measures for that purpose. In this context, however,a question can be asked whether the protection of a value such as the security of the state can justify the limitation of human rights and freedoms and, if so, how deep such state’s interference in constitutionally protected rights and freedoms can be. In particular, can the basic human right – the right to life be scarified for the protection of the state security? The conflict between these values has been illustrated by the amendment of the Polish Aviation law adopted in 2004. It allowed under certain conditions to shoot down a civil aircraft with passengers on board. The regulation was subject to the constitutional review conducted by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and was declared unconstitutional. However, the emergence of new forms of terrorism and the escalation of this phenomenon in Europe, which characterizes the beginning of the twenty-first century, cause that the problem still remains valid.

The admissibility of use of torture as a method of struggling  against terrorism in the light of Constitutional,  International and European law standards

Regulations of Constitutional, international and European law provide that torturing of human being if fully prohibited. There is no any reason that could justify such an act. The author of the article analyzes a problem if it is possible to legalize torture of a terrorist to achieve information which are necessary to avoid a threat caused by this offender. In this situation – torture is the only way to get knowledge about a prepared act of terror. The author claims that provisions of Polish Constitution generally prohibit the use of torture However, the Constitution permits to establish legal exceptions to this restriction. The 31th article of the Constitution provides that each Constitutional right or freedom may be limited by a statute when it is necessary in a democratic state for the protection of its security or public order. The author also finds, that International Agreements binding upon Poland absolutely prohibit to use torture against terrorists. Treaties don’t include any provisions that would legalize any exceptions to this rule. The Republic of Poland is supposed to respect international law binding upon it. Summing up, organs of authority of the Republic cannot be authorized to use torture against any offender in any situation. Especially the Parliament mustn’t establish any law act that allows to torture a human being because it leads to a violation of binding international treaties.

Hungary’s role in the activity of the Ustasha – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (1929–1934)

Hungary’s role in the activity of the Ustasha - Croatian Revolutionary Movement (1929-1934). The Ustasha (Ustaša) movement developed in Hungary, establishing its cadre organisation framework, seeking the support of Croatian migrant communities and training task forces in diversion and terrorist tactics. Following their disclosure, however, they were no longer supported by the Hungarian authorities.

The European Union policies in the area of combating terrorism

The subject of this dissertation is the European Union policies in the area of combating terrorism. The fact that terrorism is regarded as being one of the biggest threats to European Security determined the choice of the subject. The author has tried to explain the terminology applying to terrorism, the history of terrorism, and present methods of fight against it. The objective of the article is the analysis of the European Union main actions taken and decisions made in this respect. One of many determinants that influenced tightening of this policy were the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA on 11 September 2001. Also, frequent terrorist attacks forced the European Union member states constant cooperation and continued efforts regarding actions to counter terrorism which is both social and political phenomenon.

Activity recognized as terrorist in the Piła Voivodship in the 1980s in the light of the object case code-named «Violence» (selected issues)

The object-related case, codenamed “Violence”, was conducted by the 3rd Department of the District Offi ce of Internal Aff airs in Piła during the years of 1984–1990. Its purpose was to identify, neutralize and eliminate acts bearing the hallmarks of terror, in particular; killings, beatings or deprivation of liberty for political reasons, explosions and arson of political objects and state institutions, collecting weapons and explosives in order to organize terrorist attacks, kidnapping people and planes, illegal political and nationalist organizations that use terror as a form of combat, as well as the operational control of channels to terrorist centres in capitalist countries.

The concept of terrorism raises serious disputes and doubts. Difficulty in defining the phenomenon of terrorism is the problem of distinguishing terrorist activities from acts committed by madmen or criminals. The considerations taken in the text concentrate on the searching for the answer to the question: is it possible to construct a commonly accepted definition of terrorism? It was necessary to refer the perception of terrorism and show the scientific approach to terrorism as a phenomenon present in the modern societies.

Author of this article undertakes an effort to analyze the money laundering process. Starting form outlining the problem, showing historical overview, describing basic definitions and key issues concerning the problem such as: organized crime and drug trafficking, most important socio-economical impacts of the money laundering process that itself will be analyzed together with international legal efforts to fight it showing the most important organizations involved. Last part of the article will concentrate on Polish legal and organizational solutions in this matter.

The centralization, depoliticization and empowerment of judges in the French counter-terrorism system is an effective measure against terrorism, despite the fact, that it is controversial. The article will discuss the powers of the leading judicial bodies in the fight against terrorism, their advantages and disadvantages. The article emphasizes the thesis of the effectiveness of the anti-terrorism system in France, even though it is based on complex principles.

The main objective of the article was to determine whether the Uyghurs were a relevant group in the Syrian conflict, i.e., whether they were numerous, well-organized and determined enough to take the fight to the Syrian army or other non-state actors or cooperate with them. Several levels of analysis were carried out in this article. Firstly, article aimed to show where the Uyghurs in Syria came from. Secondly, the following section assessed their importance to the Syrian conflict, as well as who they worked with and fought against. Thirdly, it analysed whether their military and political involvement could have an impact on the international situation. Last but not least, the fate of Uyghurs, especially those who left for Syria, was discussed. The latter issue is also a question about Syria, its fate and place in the politics of other countries.

The legal platform for combating terrorism in Poland

This article addresses the issue of terrorism and its counteraction in Polish legislation. Its aim is to demonstrate how Polish law is prepared to prevent terrorist incidents and which agencies and authorities are responsible for these actions. The article applies the method of institutional-legal analysis. Based on it, conclusions can be drawn that Polish legislation is relatively well-prepared to combat terrorism.

Constitutional Challenges to Counter – Terrorism in France: Legal and Political Implications

France, as one of the European countries with a long democratic tradition and strong legal institutions, faces many constitutional challenges in the context of the fight against terrorism. This issue is particularly relevant in the face of the series of terrorist attacks that have shaken the country in recent years, forcing the authorities to introduce numerous extraordinary measures. However, this process is burdened with constitutional complexities, in particular concerning fundamental rights and civil liberties. The aim of this article is to analyze the constitutional challenges and assess their legal and political implications. The article highlights the tension between the imperative of security and the protection of personal freedoms, as enshrined in the French Constitution and international human rights instruments. The article concludes that effectively dealing with constitutional challenges requires a dynamic and balanced approach that integrates the protection of national security with respect for human rights and the principles of the democratic rule of law.