Constitutional requirements of access to civil service in the light of the Polish Constitution of 2nd April 1997

The major interest of the article’s author is the issue of citizenship as a condition limiting access to civil service. Joining the European Union by Poland has resulted in a fact that Poland has been bound by Community regulations, which, because of the principle of primacy of Community law, have a privileged position over national regulations. One of the bedrocks of the internal common market is the free movement of people. The freedom in regulations has been limited with regards to the employment in public administration. However, it must be noted that, according to the well-founded judicature in this area, employment in public administration should be highly defined, that is as execution of public powerand functions aimed at the protection of general interests of the state. In this area, the national legislator has a right to limit the access to employment in public administration to its own citizens only.

Access to the public service in the light of the provisions of the  Constitution of the Republic of Poland – selected issues

The Constitution of 1997., is the first post-war Polish basic law which includes the guarantee of the right of access to the public service. In the art. 60 of the Constitution, the legislator has decided that Polish citizens enjoying full public rights shall have a right of access to public service on equal terms. Interpretation of the normative content of this provision may not be clear. Those rules do not contain a definition of „public service” or other indications that overcome the problems of interpretation as to the scope of the constitutional guarantee referred to in art. 60 of the Constitution. The purpose of this article is to determine the personal scope of the public service, and in particular to show that both the notary and bailiff, as a public official, but also a lawyer, legal advisor and tax advisor or patent attorney practicing in the so-called aid law perform a public service.

Constitutional incompatibility rule of parliamentary mandate  and assumption civil service. Selected problems

The main goals in my research is to show relation between constitutional incompatibility rule of parliamentary mandate (art. 103) and constitutional assumption of impartiality and political neutrality of civil service (art. 153). An answer for this problem required, first, to show a general regulations in scope of incompatibility rule of parliamentary mandate. It makes a base to reference this rule to solutions in scope of civil service. Incompatibility rule of parliamentary mandate constitute one of the classic political solutions in contemporary parliamentary system. As a justify for introduction the ban of connection the parliamentary mandate with having a specific position in the state apparatus and with public functions was to create an appropriate guarantees of members of parliament independent in case of hold the mandate, and first to eliminate the appear unavoidably some interests conflicts and corruption visions.

Legal Regulations of the Political Neutrality of the Civil Service in Poland

The principle of neutrality of the civil service is one of the pillars of the functioning of the civil service in Poland and should be strictly observed by its members. The problem is often the very understanding of the word “apoliticality” and the application of this principle in both official and private life by members of the civil service. The purpose of the article is to discuss legal, in particular, constitutional regulations of political neutrality of the civil service in Poland and to present the problem of the limits of the loyalty of the civil service to the state apparatus and the limits of state interference in the civil service. The verification of the research thesis will be supported by research based on non-reactive research methods. In addition to literature analysis, a dogmatic and legal method will be used to examine the legal acts regulating the political neutrality of the civil service in Poland.

Civil Service in the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal

The civil service (c.s.) is a key element of any nation of law. As an institution responsible for exercising the public authority c.s. is not free from political pressure and takeover attempts for the purposes of the party. Polish experience in the creation of a politically neutral c.s. has not been impressive. The first regulation was created during the interwar period. After the World War II, the idea of an independent and professional c.s. was gradually dismantled to be completely abandoned in 1974. After the collapse of PRL, until 1996, there were several unsuccessful attempts to revive c.s. In that year the parliament adopted a basis for the c.s. system but even that attempt was subsequently revised in upcoming years by further changes (three new acts of law). Moreover, it has to be pointed out that during those years the actions of decision-makers concerning the c.s. have been the subject of jurisprudence by the Constitutional Tribunal. The rulings issued by the Tribunal have shaped the operational conditions which are important for c.s. and have developed an interpretation of the constitutional axioms of that institution. Analysis of key sentences of the Constitutional Court is the subject of this paper.

Violations of the Constitutional Guidelines of the Civil Service

The article presents the issues of post-constitutional legislative practice, in part concerning the law of the civil service. In the author’s opinion, the Polish Constitution of 1997 sets a solid basis for the functioning of the civil service corps and clearly defines the principles and goals of its functioning (which are: professional, reliable, impartial and politically neutral performance of state tasks). The review of the legislation after 1997 and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal was presented at intervals determined by the next civil service law pragmatics. The collected examples of violations of the provisions of the Constitution (in the analyzed time and area) allowed for the formulation of conclusions on the nature and practical significance of civil service law. General assessment is that polish civil service law construction (in accordance with the Constitution) is a difficult task, still unrealized in the law Polish.

Reliability as a Constitutional Requirement of the Quality of Public Administration

The article analyzes reliability as a constitutional requirement of the quality of public administration in Poland. Integrity is traditionally framed within the control criteria. The second element is the regulation concerning the civil service. The third perspective is determined by the principle of reliability and efficiency of public institutions. The main purpose of the article is to determine the content of the concept of reliability used in the Constitution in these three contexts, as well as what are the differences in meaning from the perspective of the requirements for public administration, derived both from the constitutional provisions themselves, as well as from other normative acts and court decisions. In addition, the purpose of the analysis is also to determine the meaning of the constitutional concept of reliability in the Polish legal system.