From the perspective of structural realism, the category of international risk can be defined as a possibility of a sudden and unexpected change which may lead to negative outcomes. The aim of the article is to analyze and show international risk factors present in the Caspian Sea region. In the context of various variables of geostrategic character, the region seems prone to potential threats. The research applied the method of the analysis of strategic narratives, which made it possible to distinguish the most important risk factors in the context of the policy followed by global and regional superpowers: 1) political factors and international strategy; 2) extracting energy resources and the geopolitics of pipelines; 3) frozen territorial and ethnic conflicts; 4) economic factors; 5) military factors. The results show that for the majority of players the lack of stability is beneficial and they do not strive to solve the contentious issues at all costs.

The study was triggered as a result of declining performance of learners in Botswana and it was aimed at finding solutions that would enhance sound academic performance in junior secondary schools. A phenomenological design was selected for the study while a qualitative approach was adopted using focus group interviews as the source of data collection from participants. The findings of this study revealed that the inability of the government of Botswana to implement job satisfaction measures in educators inhibited adequate transfer of knowledge to learners, which resulted in a decline in performance. Learners’ gross misconduct and their parents’ inability to counsel them contributed to their decline in performance. Also, learners and educators admitted that the current system of education should be replaced with another productive system. Another finding of this study confirmed that learners are tired of corporal punishment and they want it to be replaced with detention. The study recommendation is that the Ministry of Education of Botswana should apply motivational and job satisfaction factors to encourage educators to adequately transfer knowledge to learners.

The aim of this research is focused on identifying the criminogenic factors inherent in the family of children remaining in youth detention centres. This study used a survey as its research method. The analysis of documents (court records, and facility documents) for the family situation of minors was the research technique used here. The study focused on three youth detention centres and shelters for juveniles located in the Silesia Province. The study was carried out in November and December 2010. 50 files of 26 minor boys and 24 minor girls were analysed. Summarizing the research results, it can be concluded that the impact of family on the proper socialization process of children raised in these families is undeniable and significant. Negative factors in the family environments of respondents influenced the formation of negative events which result in the process of demoralization and juvenile delinquency.