One of the most important aspects of academic life is cooperation between researchers from different centres. Different levels of experience, approaches and paradigms enable researchers to observe the complete image of categories. The Political Leadership Section of the Polish Political Science Association has been formed during the Second Nationwide Congress of Political Science in Poznań (2012). The Association’s Board has established it on February 7, 2013. Since that day the section integrates scholars from different universities interested in issues of political leadership, it supports development of this research field in Poland, it collects published monographs, editions and papers relevant to this field and it coordinates development of teaching standards in education on political leadership. The section’s activity and its role in Polish academic community proves that this topic has become a significant aspect of social sciences in the country. 

In spring 2005 I received an invitation from the US Department of State to visit the USA. Under an international research project International Visitor Leadership Program I took part in more than 70 different appointments, panel discussions, conferences and lectures. My stay was an individual and open one which means that it was arranged for a single person and several months in advance I was able to indicate the towns, universities and institutions I would like to visit and name the persons I would like to meet. The stay was also arranged in a way that provided me with an opportunity to become well acquainted with the United States both through the perspective of US cities (such as New York, Boston and Seattle), middle-sized towns (e.g. Buff alo and Indianapolis) and US provinces. The differences are by no means trivial both with respect to sizes and infrastructure as well as cultural and moral aspects. Diff erences may also be observed when comparing the East and West Coast. The complete itinerary of my visit included Washington – Hartford – Buffalo – Chicago – Indianapolis – Bloomington – Minneapolis – Seattle – Boston – New York.

The author wonders at the problem of the leadership in the present Asia, which is the region of the economic growth and the area doesn’t affected by the crisis. At the present four countries aspire to the leadership in Asia: India, Japan, China and United States. The author presents reasoning that the present China is the nearest to the leaderships in the Asia. China tries to push out the USA from the Asia and addict the United States by its economic policy and the ransom of indebted papers. At the present the America is in debt on approx. 17 bln USD., and 7% of this debt has at Chinese. In the India it came to slow down of the economic development and in the Japan after the period of the stagnation, it just slowly comes in on the path of the economic development.

Leadership in the Eurasian Economic Union

Paper Leadership in the Eurasian Economic Union is an attempt to analyse and discuss the subject of leadership in a given organization. The author, initially, thinks about the definition of leadership, then characterizes organization. Subsequently, there is an analysis of who may have a real impact on the shape and policy of EAEU – the structure of the union, presidents of member countries, prime ministers or also the so-called gray eminences such as Professor Dugin.

SOCIO-TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZATION OF POLITICS

An issue of interest is the process of personalization of politics. I am going to examine it from the point of view of social engineering. There is no doubt that we can find many things in common between social engineering and personalization. Personalization is a broader syndrome of traits that can be reduced to a change in the nature of leadership in democracy, especially in campaign. As one might expect cause of this state of affairs, on the one hand it is still a growing number of those who serve as prime minister on the basis of “presidential style of administration”, on the other hand – the actual (institutional) changes in parliamentary systems.

THE EMERGENCE, DEVELOPMENT, AND CRISIS OF CONCEPT OF THE VOIT, MAYOR, AND CITY PRESIDENT AS A LOCAL LEADER

Presented study concentrates on both forming and the crisis of the concept of local leadership in Poland, which concerns voits, mayors, and presidents of cities, directly elected by the citizens – e.g. a local government leaders. Particular attention was paid to legal and political mechanisms of their elections and political (democratic) responsibility towards the citizens. In these mechanisms, the factors were detected, which substantially weaken social trustworthiness of the role of the leader. Among them: particularly low rate of voting turnout in both local elections and referenda concerning deposition from appointments listed above and various manipulations distorting the true picture of public in these matters. Concept of a local leader in Poland has met very serious difficulties in practice and seems to be not attractive to the community.

The 2013 Curriculum Reform and its effect on school practices remain a challenge for Indonesia since the roles of school leadership remain unaddressed. This study aimed to examine the effect of school leadership on instructional practices and student learning. This cross-sectional survey collected data from 1,082 students and 180 teachers from randomly selected 40 junior secondary school principals. Employing education production function models, this study found that the quality of school leadership had impacts on teachers’ ability to create student-centered instruction and consequently on student learning. Results suggest that school reforms would be even more successful, among other things, through establishing school principals as professional agents of change that help teachers transform their instructional behavior and improve learning.

W artykule podjęto problematykę przywództwa lokalnego w oparciu o badania empiryczne przeprowadzone w latach 2014-2017 wśród wójtów, burmistrzów, prezydentów miast albo ich zastępców, a także radnych, mieszkańców (w tym dziennikarzy, przedsiębiorców, naukowców, przedstawicieli organizacji pozarządowych). W pierwszej części ukazano teoretyczny aspekt przywództwa lokalnego, w drugiej wskazano na uwarunkowania w pełnieniu funkcji wójta (burmistrza, prezydenta miasta), a w trzeciej określono cechy, jakie powinna posiadać osoba pełniąca ten urząd.

The aim of the presented research study is to identify elementary and secondary school teachers’ leadership behaviours in terms of Kouzes and Posner’s conception in relation to teachers’ self-esteem. The study is of a quantitative, correlational design using the following research tools: Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS). The research sample consists of 213 elementary and secondary school teachers from Middle Slovakia. The main findings of the empirical analysis include weak, statistically significant relationships between LPI variables and self-esteem. Our findings indicate a weak relationship between teachers’ leadership behaviours and their self-esteem.

Within the context of increasingly digital work, it appeared interesting to look at how military leaders and their leadership style will have to adapt to remain “up-to-speed” with current challenges. It is qualitative research based on interviews with military and civilian experts. Four interviews have been conducted, but there would be the potential to interview many more experts and look deeper into the matter. Within the context of digitalised military leadership, the importance of communication and mutual trust has been underscored by the experts. They agreed that leaders nowadays must embrace digital developments and include them in their leadership styles. The civilian world can learn from the military when it comes to leadership approaches, which is happening at the time of publication of this article with practical examples (senior military leaders assigned to lead the pandemic task force in some countries). Overall, the outcome of the research is that a relevant and resilient military leadership style in the 21st century resembles the elements of the situational leadership style developed by Hersey-Blanchard.

The analysis of scientific approaches to understanding the psychological characteris-tics of the role of the management team is important in the context of ensuring the organizational development of educational institutions. The transformational changes taking place in education today require the introduction of new approaches to the process of managing educational organizations. The practical solution to the problem of forming management teams in educational organizations involves determining and understanding the importance of systematic psychological training of education managers to form professional management teams. The article reveals the psychological features of innovative management styles in managers of educational organizations, selected by the criterion of «Teamwork in the organization». Іt is especially important in educational organizations to form not only a teaching staff, but a team where teachers set an example not by words but by their own actions: teach them to be leaders, develop their various social competencies, and most importantly – teach by personal example. Аllowed us to identify innovative management styles in managers of educational organizations, which are selected by the criteria of «Teamwork in the organization» and provide the following skills: orientation of managers of educational organizations on teamwork based on clearly defined roles, willingness to internally accept organizational goals and objectives; to organize joint activities to address management issues, willingness and skills of constructive communication, dialogue and interaction with different categories of people. Іdentified traditional («fear of poverty», «authority – conquest», «rest home») and innovative («organization», «team») management styles in managers of educational organizations on the indicator «of orientation of managers to teamwork». Highlights the main reasons for managers to avoid team building. Increasing the attention of psychologists to the problem of psychological preparation of managers of educational organizations.

The article examines President Donald Trump’s leadership through the lenses of Bernard M. Bass’s model of transformational leadership. It starts with a description of what transformational leadership is and what it consists of. Second, the author takes a look at some of the features of transformational leadership, such as high ethical conduct, arousing team spirit, and inclusion of followers, and applies them to Trump. Finally, the author discusses the results of the analysis and explains why these findings are important and thought-provoking. The peculiar novelty of the study lies in the use of the theory and model of transformational leadership, developed by Bass and formulated on the basis of the science of management and organization. This is one of the innovative elements that distinguish the author’s project from previous works on political leadership.

This study was done in order to determine the leadership roles displayed by physical education teachers working in primary and secondary education institutions in Turkey. The sample group of the study included 170 physical education teachers working in these educational institutions. So as to determine the ideas of the sample group, the scale form developed by Beycioğlu (2009) in order to determine the teachers’ perceptions and expectations related to teacher leadership was used. At the end of the study, a statistically significant relation was found in the ideas of the teachers in terms of school type variance in the “Institutional Development” dimension and age variance in the “Collaboration with Colleagues” and “Professional Development” dimensions. In all the dimensions, for gender, educational status and professional service period variances, no statistical significant relation could be found. As a result, it is determined that in order to increase leadership behaviors of the physical education teachers, measures should be taken by managers and studies about improving leadership behaviors with education supervisors’ counseling applications and inservice training for physical education teachers should be increased.

The Indian Film Industry is second popular entertainment industry across the globe after Hollywood film industry of the United States of America. Despite of being popular, there are arguments that New Delhi hasn’t utilized the full potential of Indian film industry as an instrument to turn popularity into the (Soft)power. The Indian film industry has tremendous potential to become India’s soft power if its potential is harnessed to the fullest. Therefore, this paper focuses upon how the popularity can be effectively used by examining strengths of industry and future prospects. Additionally, this paper provides relevant policy recommendations to effectively use film industry to enhance soft power as well as brief concluding remarks.