The article concerns public opinion regarding the postulates of sexual minorities. The basis for this discussion are public opinion polls conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre. This allowed to present social tendencies regarding activities and postulates of the LGBT movement in Poland. The research polls span the period of time between 1998 and 2013. They concerned the following issues: opinions on homosexuality, social acceptance of homosexuality, attitude to same-sex marriage and civil partnerships, and gays’ and lesbians’ right to public demonstration. This discussion is founded on a theoretical overview regarding non-normativity.

Relationship of Czechs to Czechoslovak statehood

This article presents insight into the development/changes in the way in which Czechs treated the Czechoslovak stateh in 1918-1992. I have taken into consideration the roots of the modification to the Czech state resulting from historical developments and supplemented in the 19th century. I also ascertain that - except for the Second Republic - Czechs adopted a positive outlook on the emergence of an independent state - Czechoslovakia. This emergence posed a considerable problem predominantly to communist ideologists. However, even they could not eliminate this social vision in their targeted and simplified interpretations of history. While Czechoslovakia as a state disappeared as early as in 1992, the rudimentary concepts of the Czechoslovak statehood have survived and have been reflected in the way the new Czech state is treated.

Election silence is a legally determined period that typically begins directly before Election Day and lasts until the voting comes to an end. During the election silence, it is forbidden to conduct “any form of electoral agitation aimed at promoting a particular candidate, list of candidates or electoral committees participating in the election among voters”. Due to the rapid development of new media, particularly the Internet, many experts argue that in the age of digital media it is no longer enforceable. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to answer the question of whether or not it is justified to retain the current regulations on election silence. These considerations are supported by quantitative surveys conducted by the author, as well as the survey realized by the Public Opinion Research Center (CBOS).