The realization of the principle of the formal equality in concepts  and activities of Polish political parties in 2011–2014

The aim of this research was to define how Polish political parties in parliament seventh term of office (date of election: 9 th October 2011) realized constitutional principle of equality of citizens. The analysis was concerned not only on declarative programme sphere but also on the area of political practice. The first part of the study was focused on platforms of particular politic parties which were announced before elections to the parliament in 2011. On the basis of those party platforms, the research showed to what degree and area political parties was revolved around women’s issues. The second part of the study provided a comparison of ideological declaration and real activities of particular political parties. There was also a verification of electoral register groups, which candidates entered the parliament taking into consideration the presence of women.

Digital crowd – characteristics of the phenomenon

The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomenon of the digital crowd, which is a phenomenon specific to the functioning of political debate on the Internet (with particular emphasis on social media). Referring to the concept of Le Bon and Girard, it presents the behavior of the digital crowd and its importance for the development of public debate in the area of mass communication such as the Internet.

Activities of Government Departments for the Realization of Equality Before the Law Principles in Poland after 1989

Institutions and organizations that constitute Polish feminist movement acting in Poland after 1989 can be classified in many ways. One of them is isolating government and non-government subjects based on the criteria of founding body and the sources of financing the activities. Only public institutions formed at the initiative of government departments and supervised by them are the subject of the analysis undertaken for preparation of hereby paper. The main focus of the paper is the Office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment appointed by the Prime Minister. The title, competence and methods of legal recognition of the Office has changed multiple times after the political transformation.