- Author:
Jan Brodowski
- E-mail:
jan.brodowski@uj.edu.pl
- Institution:
Jagiellonian University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-6391
- Author:
Bartłomiej Krzysztan
- E-mail:
bkrzysztan@isppan.waw.pl
- Institution:
Polish Academy of Sciences
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-6884
- Author:
Joanna Piechowiak
- E-mail:
jpiechowiak@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-2519
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
281-290
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.06.22
- PDF:
ppk/64/ppk6422.pdf
Georgia is one of the most democratized states in the post-Soviet space. This article presents the mechanisms of instrumentalization and ideologization of the Georgian constitution and its political and social context. The absence of a consolidated state of the law was found to have four causes: 1) colonial experiences of the Enlightenment; 2) heritage of Soviet legislation; 3) rapid Westernization of the legal system; 4) political actors and parties manipulating the constitution in the name of particularistic interests.
- Author:
Jacek Sobczak
- E-mail:
j.sobczak@vizja.pl
- Institution:
University of Economics and Humanities in Warsaw
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-8824
- Author:
Ksenia Kakareko
- E-mail:
k.kakareko@uw.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Warsaw
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3707-4479
- Author:
Maria Gołda-Sobczak
- E-mail:
mgolsob@amu.edu.pl
- Institution:
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-7007
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
451-465
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.06.36
- PDF:
ppk/64/ppk6436.pdf
The term ‘human rights’ is used to describe the rights of every person, regardless of their nationality or social position. In the doctrine, the term is also understood differently as the material, social and cultural premises of human independence. Both the concept and the content of the principle of sustainable development are the subject of a broad debate involving representatives of different scientific disciplines, publicists, and politicians representing different options. The authors of the article analyze the principle of sustainable development in the context of human rights. From the text of Art. 5 of the Constitution, it can be deduced that the principle of sustainable development in this layer is a human and civil right, broader than the law, relating to living in an uncontaminated environment. The core of the concept of sustainable development, which is not sufficiently emphasized due to its “appropriation” by ecologists and its complexity unduly perceived by lawyers, is that it formulates rights for future generations. The perception of these rights by the creators of the Polish Constitution, both in its preamble and in its Article 5, should be considered momentous and anticipating its creation.
- Author:
Martyna Woźniak
- E-mail:
martyna.wozniak@amu.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-6514
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
99-111
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.04.08
- PDF:
ppk/68/ppk6808.pdf
Commonwealth Realms as a Relic of the Past. Change of the Political System in Barbados
After 70 years of Queen Elizabeth II’s Commonwealth Realms reign, only 15 countries remain, counting the United Kingdom. Barbados gained complete autonomy, becoming a republic after 55 years of independence. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the process that took place in Barbados, from the time the British decided to settle on the Island, until it became a republic. The main research method used by the author, is source analysis and the point of reference is the Barbados Constitution Amendment Act of 28.09.2021, whereby from 30.11.2021, Barbados becomes a republic and all duties previously exercised by the Governor-General are exercised by the President.
- Author:
Dariusz Skrzypiński
- Year of publication:
2011
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
64-77
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2011.30.04
- PDF:
apsp/30/apsp3004.pdf
The text aims at juxtaposing the thesis of the so-called “apoliticality” of the judiciary with the political-scientific analysis of its functioning as an institution of a political system. At the outset, the analysis is focused on demonstrating the multidimensionality of the judiciary, highlighting at the same time the features distinguishing it from the legislature and the executive. Further on, the phenomenon of judicialization of politics is elucidated. Judicialization is viewed as increased influence that the jurisdiction of the common courts exerts on the political decisionmaking process and its ramifications for the functioning of democratic political systems. The analysis encompasses deliberations on the so-called direct and indirect politicality understood as the off shoot of complex relations established between the judiciary and the remaining bodies of state authority.
- Author:
Waldemar Żebrowski
- Year of publication:
2006
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
87-104
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2006.16.05
- PDF:
apsp/16/apsp1605.pdf
The entire political activity of a country resolves around the idea of o political system. It is based on several elements: human individuals (prime elements), political parties, mutual interest groups and authority units (secondary elements). Political parties and lobbies perform the role of a mediator in the process of communication between society and establishment. Various relations within the political system are regulated by legal and common laws.
- Author:
Jacek Wojnicki
- Year of publication:
2016
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
143-164
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/pbs.2016.07
- PDF:
pbs/4/pbs407.pdf
The Case of KLD. A History of a Community
The article is an attempt to scratch environmental portrait „of Gdansk liberals” who founded the Congress of the Liberal-Democratic. KLD came from Gdansk Social Economic „Congress Liberals”, an informal organization set up two years earlier, a grouping of opposition from environmental Donald Tusk, Janusz Lewandowski and Jan Krzysztof Bielecki – the creators of the magazine „Political Review”. National conference founder held on 29 and 30 June 1990, the group formally registered on October 9 of the same year. His program KLD described as „pragmatic liberalism”. He preached the need for privatization and extension of the scope of the free market. He advocated the Polish integration with Western structures, carefully carried decommunization and the ideological neutrality of the state.
- Author:
Dominika Liszkowska
- E-mail:
dominika.liszkowska@tu.koszalin.pl
- Institution:
Politechnika Koszalińska
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-341X
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
121-133
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.01.09
- PDF:
ppk/71/ppk7109.pdf
Evolution of Grand National Assembly of Turkey’ Role in State System
The aim of article is to show the evolution of parliament’s role in Turkey and the changes taking place within the tripartite division of power from the time of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey (1920’s) to 2018. The article attempts to answer the following questions: how have the scope of competences and the position of the Turkish parliament changed? What are the competences of the parliament following the last reform of the Basic Law (1982)? The research hypothesis assumes that in the case of Turkey, we are dealing with a process of gradual deparliamentarization and replacement of parliament’s supremacy in the tripartite division of powers with a strong monocratic executive power. The changes taking place, characterized in successive basic laws and their amendments, can be described as a gradual weakening of the legislative power and the reduction of its powers in the structure of governmental bodies.
- Author:
Mariusz Popławski
- E-mail:
mpoplawski@umk.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-5308
- Author:
Robert Gawłowski
- E-mail:
robert.gawlowski@wsb.bydgoszcz.pl
- Institution:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-7679
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
269-281
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.01.20
- PDF:
ppk/71/ppk7120.pdf
The last decades have been a time of dynamic changes in the scope of public management tools, as well as a gradual increase in the participation of citizens at every stage of public decision-making. That is why application of ICT tools in practice of public policy implementation is currently a popular direction of public administration development. The aim of the article is to analyse how this postulate is implemented on the example of Polish participatory budgets. On the basis of quantitative research the authors have analysed participatory budgets that function in towns with powiat rights. In the conclusions it is stated that ICT are applied only partially within the public policy environment and are used to popularise participatory budgets and to facilitate the process of voting for the submitted propositions.
- Author:
Stanisław Lamczyk
- Institution:
Poseł na Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
94-109
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/siip201506
- PDF:
siip/14/siip1406.pdf
What kind of freedom? The dilemma of democracy
Since the ancient times there has been a continuing discourse on the nature and scope of freedom and civic and human right in the more or less liberal democracy. This paper contains a critical analysis and assessment of the most important opinions concerning the both political and economic freedom and the interpretations of that concept in the political practice. This article argues that, contrary to the beliefs of most people, freedom and human rights do not come from nature, but they are the result of the society’s consensus, especially that part of the society, which participates in the elections. The voters agree to allow the winning political party to realize its program also in the respect to freedom and civic (human) rights. On the other hand the politicians try to secure the appropriate equilibrium between the political and economic freedom, which supports the stabilization of a given political system and is conducive to the economic growth.
- Author:
Tomasz Koziełło
- E-mail:
koziello@poczta.onet.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-2601
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
285-298
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.05.20
- PDF:
ppk/75/ppk7520.pdf
The Institution of the President of the Fourth Republic of Poland
The article is a presentation of concepts concerning the institution of the President of the Republic of Poland in the system of the Fourth Republic, promoted by Law and Justice and the League of Polish Families. Both groups took the position that the president should be made the most important person in the state, with influence over all areas of political life. The president would have the right to determine with the government the main directions of state policy, direct the work of the government according to his will, influence the legislative process so that it proceeds in accordance with his expectations, and control the judiciary. It was believed that this would make the head of state, coming from one party or the other, more effective in implementing the vision of the Fourth Republic.
- Author:
Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-6977
- Author:
Tomasz Kubin
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-8089
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
138-151
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2023.80.08
- PDF:
apsp/80/apsp8008.pdf
The interdependence between the economy and politics is particularly visible during economic crises. The subject of research is the impact of the economic crisis in Spain after 2008 on its political system. And the main aim is to answer the question: what factor had the most important impact on the functioning of the state’s political system. Authors assume that it was the amendment of the Art. 135 of the state constitution. The theoretical framework of the study is the output on the relationship between the economy and politics. The empirical research was based on the analysis of changes in the economic situation in Spain after 2008, and on the analysis of the evolution of the Spanish political system. Obtained results may be useful in the context of the impact of changes in the economic situation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.
- Author:
Danuta Plecka
- E-mail:
danakar@umk.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- Author:
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa
- E-mail:
agnieszka.turska-kawa@us.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Śląski
- Author:
Waldemar Wojtasik
- E-mail:
waldemar.wojtasik@us.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Śląski
- Year of publication:
2013
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
73-97
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2013.03.04
- PDF:
kie/96/kie9604.pdf
Civil Political Competences
Building and maintaining a high level of citizens’ political competences is the most important challenge of modern democracies. Political competence is not only a testament to the quality of democracy, but also gives hope for the stability of the regime. The subject of the present article are the different dimensions of civic political competence – namely, the axiological, psychological and systemic dimension. This approach to the matter allows to present a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon, analyzed both from the perspective of citizens – their skills, abilities and knowledge which can all be utilized to build and shape socio-political democratic structures, as well as from the point of view of wider social and systemic structures in which an individual operates. The elements named above together form the internal structure of civic political competence, wherein all its dimensions interact dynamically, and change thanks to this very interaction.
- Author:
Oleksandr Veretilnyk
- E-mail:
oleksandr.veretilnyk@usz.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4466
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
191-201
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.06.14
- PDF:
ppk/76/ppk7614.pdf
The Role of the Loya Jirga in Shaping Afghanistan’s Political System
In this article, the author presents the results of research on the origins of the Loya Jirga and its impact on the formation of the political system of Afghanistan. According to the author, searching for an answer to the question of what role the Loya Jirga played in the creation of an independent Afghan state and what significance it had in shaping the internal and foreign policy of the Afghan authorities is important for understanding the political processes that took place in Afghanistan in the 20’th century, both in the period of monarchy and communism, as well as the processes taking place in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of US and NATO troops from this country in 2021. The main research method used by the author was the historical method. With its help, the author also analyzed the role of this advisory body in the formation of the Constitution of Afghanistan, which was subject to significant changes in various historical periods depending on the political situation.