The article presents basic relations which happen among Europeanization and the public politics on the example of the politics of the cohesion. The author makes the broad exploration objective concepts and also postulates determined conclusions and recommendations.

  The purpose of this article is synthetic analysis of the theories concerning the Security and Defence Policy of the European Union. Author analyses neorealist and neofunctionalist theories and marginally takes into account theory of liberal intergovernmentalism and new institutionalism theory
  Neorealists argued that in order to understand CSDP, one should look at the changing nature of the balance of power and the way in which member states sought profits coming from the negotiation process, which took place between European Union and NATO. Liberal intergovernmetalists, including Andrew Moravcsik, assumed that CSDP is a factor created and driven by the domestic policy of member states, although both NATO and EU institutions influenced this process. Neofunctionalists’ hypothesis assumed that CSDP is a result of the spill-over effect – consequence of the economic integration. They demonstrated, through economic analysis, the impact of economic and monetary union on the process of development of the European security and defence policy. In neoinstitutionalist theory, the emergence of the CSDP is explained by highlighting the impact of international institutions in the foreign policy of the EU and NATO member states.
  Above hypotheses have the objective of finding the causes of the CSDP’s emergence, but are also an attempt to answer the question what is the CSDP. Exitisting theories do not adress the whole issue comprehensively, because they are missing implication of links between supranational, transnational and intergovernmental dimension of CSDP, indicating only the conceptualization of evolution and the role of the various bodies at different levels, particularly in the theories of neoliberalism, neoinstitutionalism and intergovernmental liberalism.

Defining mainstream literature: the case of energy policy of the European Union

Several approaches are available to define the mainstream academic literature in a certain subdiscipline. However the sustainability of the findings of those searches is still an open issue. The paper addresses this problem by examining two approaches to defining the mainstream literature on a certain topic. In the first case, it verifies the approach of creation of the list of the most influential scientific publications using the “times-cited” and H-index as two of the main criteria. In the second case, the study applies a bibliometric approach by examining 90 academic articles on energy policy of the European Union published in 2013–2015. The study shows that former approach may lead to unsustainable search results as they are dependent on time when the search was completed. The search using bibliometric approach ensures sustainable results as they are not time-dependent. It produces the list of the most influential 28 academic sources on the topic that will not change through time if one applies the same sample of articles. The both approaches use the ISI Web of Science database. But as the latter uses the older version of the database, the search is limited to the articles published not later than 2015. The both approaches examine articles in English only. Therefore the paper provides general reflections on objectivity of such findings in a broader context of the study of energy policy of the EU.

Europeanization acted at all stages of society development in Slovakia, with varying degrees of intensity and in various forms, since the signing of the association agreement with the European Union. A significant impact was already in the stage of transition, when the consistent implementation of the Copenhagen criteria insist by the EC/EU help to return to the path of democratic development in Slovakia. However, it wasn’t just about the application of the generally accepted principles of parliamentary democracy, but also on the active impact of the EC/EU institutions within the existing opportunities provided by the signing of the Association Agreement. A qualitatively new stage began after completion of the Copenhagen criteria and the opening of negotiations, which was to implement acquis communautaire into the internal legal order of the country. At this stage, clearly dominated the process of Europeanization “top-down”, i.e. the adoption of standards, laws of the European Union, to make country compatible with other countries of the EU. After the entry of the Slovakia into the EU, a two-sided process of Europeanization: “up-down” and “bottom-up” has started.

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wpływu priorytetów i instrumentów polityki społecznej Unii Europejskiej na realizację podejścia inwestycyjnego w politykach społecznych państw członkowskich na przykładzie Polski. Przedmiotem badań są cele społeczne Unii Europejskiej zdefiniowane w strategii Europa 2020 oraz Pakiecie Inwestycji Społecznych, implementowane za pomocą otwartej metody koordynacji i interwencji Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że proces europeizacji polityk społecznych państw członkowskich UE, na przykładzie Polski, w odniesieniu do implementacji paradygmatu inwestycyjnego, ma ograniczony charakter.

Artykuł stanowi teoretyczną refleksję nad istotą pojęcia deeuropeizacji. Krytyczna ocena koncepcji europeizacji pozwala zidentyfikować jej wewnętrzne słabości, ograniczające jej możliwości poznawcze. Tendencja do jednoznacznie pozytywnej konotacji oraz marginalizowanie trudności powstających na skutek procesu integracji tworzą niepełną rzeczywistość. Stąd pojawia się konieczność pochylenia się nad jej antytezą – deeuropeizacją. W oparciu o analizę dostępnej literatury na temat deeuropeizacji artykuł porządkuje istniejące wymiary deeuropeizacji oraz identyfikuje jej charakterystyczne cechy.

As both the European Union and its member states acknowledge that the proliferation of fake news threatens their political stability and – consequently – the general idea of European integration – they have undertaken many steps to confront that problem. Them, the article examines how EU institutions, together with the member states, have tackled the spread of disinformation within the common policy of cybersecurity. The novelty of this study is that it does so concerning the ongoing process of Europeanization of cyberspace, combining the field of information technology with European studies.

The aim of this article was to explain development of paradiplomacy and describe the most important factors influencing its shape and form. Paradiplomacy is seen as a concept oft en used to describe international action of regions or entities of federal systems. Paradiplomacy in broad sense refers to international action by non-central governments. Intuitive predictions suggest further development of paradiplomacy as a sign of regions empowerment. Contrary to that, last research show that devolution of power inside the state does not correlate with increased use of paradiplomacy by regions.

Organizational preparations to the Polish Presidency are in progress at full steam. We began accomplishment of some tasks in 2007 starting from the analysis of experiences of other countries. In 2008, the Government Plenipotentiary for the Polish Presidency in the EU was appointed and in January 2009 the Polish government passed a comprehensive program of preparations to this historical event. Moreover in 2009 the financial resources for organization were provided, logistic preparations as well as trainings for Polish officials and first promo and information activities were undertaken. On July 1, 2011 Poland will assume the Presidency of the EU Council. It is not only a great challenge requiring strategic planning, full political and organizational activity on domestic and European level but also, what the representatives of the current government emphasize, a big opportunity for Poland in shaping the EU. According to them, the Presidency gives a possibility of a bigger and real influence on decisions taken in the EU. To the public opinion, they send messages that we will have an opportunity to present in the EU arena the priorities of Polish policy, emphasize the most important area, submit our own ideas and initiatives. Only few emphasize the fact that the Presidency is mainly the continuation of previous activities of the EU, providing its coherent functioning and guaranteeing the vote in the worldwide important matters.

Process of changing the youth policy in Poland caused by the youth strike for climate

The youth policy in Poland began to develop in connection with Poland’s accession to the European Union. Since 2019, these research areas were joined by the activities of young people as a part of the international youth social movement, i.e., the Youth Strike for Climate. The article presents the following research hypothesis: the activity of the Youth Strike for Climate indicates that the youth policy in Poland is undergoing a process of climatization. The following research questions were asked: What factors influence the interest in climate issues among young people? Was the youth gathered around the YSC active before the YSC activity? Is the activity at YSC related to other social/political activity of young people? Does the YSC influence political decisions? As a result of the survey, literature analysis and the conducted research, the research hypothesis was confirmed.