About existing and not existing referents of proper names – anthropocentrism in onomastics

In the article the author widely covers the problem of names’ reference, especially proper names. The phenomenon of reference is discussed on the basis of Ogden/Richards triangle, showing the tri-elemental relation between the symbol, the concept and the referent. The author is pointing out the practice of inaccurate use of terms in the scientific discourse of research into reference and he sorts it out in the terminology by showing the difference between, among others, the reference, the designation and the denotation. The author’s considerations are full of examples which illustrate the essence of these terms and their relations. From the conclusion about the symbol and the concept he moves to the description of reality whose elements are the nominated objects. The extra-linguistic reality in which objects – capable of becoming the referents of various expressions – occur is described in accord with Kantian anthropocentric philosophical thought.

Methods of nomination of fabrics and products in the Middle Dnieper dialects

The article, collected on the dialect material of the dialects of the Middle Dnieper area of the Ukrainian language, analyzes the lexical and semantic groups of names of fabrics and cloth, its parts and varieties and actions related to their manufacture and names of weaving products. These lexical-semantic groups form representatives of the following families: ‘fabric (common name)’; ‘canvas (common name) ʼ; ‘a piece of cloth’; ‘longitudinal edge of the canvas’; ‘longitudinal edge of the non-cutting fabric’; ‘bleached canvas’; ‘whitewash the canvas’; ‘canvas in 4 strands’; ‘canvas in 8 bands’; ‘canvas in 9 bands’; ‘canvas in 10 bandsʼ; ‘canvas in 11 bands’; ‘canvas in 12 bands’; ‘canvas in 13 bands’; ‘canvas rags’; ‘thick canvas’; ‘coarse cloth of the worst kind of yarn’; ‘medium yarn fabric’; ‘thin cloth of the best kind of yarn’; ‘thick fabric’; ‘bad, liquid fabric’; ‘cotton fabric’; ‘fabric of pure woolen threads’; ‘thin paper cloth’; ‘cotton fabric’; ‘printed fabric’; ‘to bring hair’; ‘fabric that has no lint on the dress’; ‘fabric with pile on the dress’; ‘simple cloth’; ‘lintfree cloth’; ‘pile cloth’; ‘cloth of different colors’, ‘hand-woven, made of home canvas’; ‘a product made of thin cloth’; ‘a product made of thick cloth’; ‘row - a type of sheet made of hemp or linen yarn’; ‘row on the bed, under the duvet’; ‘rows of shelters’; ‘rows that cover the lava’; ‘in a row, which covered the floor’; ‘a product made of printed fabric’; ʼa product made of white clothʼ. In the course of the research the peculiarities of the representation are presented, the structural-semantic organization is clarified, the peculiarities of the nominative processes of these vocabulary groups are traced, the systemic connections of the studied nouns are revealed. Tokens that arose by morphological or semantic derivation are recorded; analytical names - attributive and substantive phrases; propositional - in the form of a sentence. Monosyllabic names are preserved in the minds of dialect speakers despite the archaization of the realities themselves, and compound names are mostly substitutes that arose in connection with the archaization in the memory of informants of specialized names. Commonly used tokens, which have acquired terminological significance, reflect the word-forming possibilities of speech and the dynamics of lexical composition. Nouns with different word-formation, phonetic, accentuation and grammatical variants in the Middle Dnieper dialects are attested.