W polskim dyskursie naukowym pojęcie polityki sportowej jest bardzo rzadko stosowane. Brak jednej obligatoryjnej definicji jest przede wszystkim konsekwencją nie do końca określonego charakteru zaangażowania się państwa w obszar sportu. Z kolei w Wielkiej Brytanii, państwach skandynawskich, Kanadzie i Niemczech bardzo mocno eksponuje się jej odrębny charakter, nie neguje się jej pojęcia, umiejscowienia ani przydatności społecznej. Określa się ją tam jako jeden z elementów polityki społecznej. Prowadzone są nawet dyskusje dotyczące włączenia polityki sportowej do zdefiniowanych kategorii polityk publicznych. W związku z tym głównym celem artykułu jest wprowadzenia do polskiego dyskursu naukowego pojęcia polityki sportowej, przedstawienia jej cech oraz problemów definicyjnych.

The purpose of this research was to determine the level of study competences among students of physical education. The study encompassed first-year students aged 18 to 26, who began their studies in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The Standard Progressive Matrices Plus, the Social Competence Questionnaire, the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory were used. Students were characterised by a high level of study competence with regard to skills and personality. The study group was moderately homogeneous: the students starting their studies in consecutive three years did not significantly differ with respect to the analysed skills. This undermines the circulating opinions of lowering the level of competence of students in the recent years.

The purpose of the conducted research was to analyze the processual dimension of the transformations of a disabled person’s life which take place under the influence of experiences related to practicing sport. Therefore, the article attempts to discuss the issues related to the influence of sport institutions responsible for the organization of sport practiced by physically disabled individuals in their care. In the article, I try to prove the similarity of the sport structure with the educational system structure where, apart from the strictly educational functions, there are also socialization processes taking place, diverse in terms of measures and results. The basis for the realization of the purpose mentioned above was the personal experiences of the researched individuals. Hence, the research exploits qualitative data collected during participant observations and in-depth free interviews conducted among the disabled practicing sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material was performed in accordance with the procedures of grounded theory. The article has been prepared as a consequence of research carried out between 2012 and 2015 among the society of the disabled who practice professional sports. The studies are related to the characteristics of a sports career of the disabled, which, regarding its specificity, is deeply rooted in institutionalized initiation practices regarding inclusion, continuance and the maintenance of the main action, i.e., practicing sport.

Cooperation in competitive sport in the Eastern Bloc – an example of Polish-Romanian contacts (1948–1953)

The authors of the article carried out an analysis of sports contacts between Poland and Romania in the time of Stalinism by taking into account the ideological and organisational changes in both countries’ sport as well as sport rivalry. Of importance was also presenting the implementation of the Soviet model of physical culture in Poland and Romania coupled with difficulties and barriers to sports cooperation between Poland and Romania.

Kooperace ve vrcholovém sportu v zemích východního bloku na příkladu polsko-rumunských kontaktů (1948–1953)

The article analyzes the participation of Polish athletes in the World Speedway Pair Championships (1971 –1981). The article is located on the border between the history of sport and biography (collective portrait). Not only the conditions of purely sports rivalry were taken into account, but also the influence of ideology, pressure of the communist party and national/industry sports associations (e.g. PZM/Polish Motor Association and GKSŻ/Main Speedway Sport Commission). A collective portrait of Polish athletes was also drawn, exposing the most outstanding figures, such as Andrzej Wyględa, Paweł Waloszek, Antoni Woryna, Jerzy Szczakiel, Edward Jancarz and Zenon Plech. The article is based on sources (sports and daily/party press) and subject literature. Research methods specific to historical sciences were used.

THE PECULIARITY OF THE LANGUAGE OF SPORTS BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES FROM LA GAZETTA DELLO SPORT

this paper focuses on the language of sports in the press, and its objectives are to analyse the specific linguistic features of the language of sports, to describe their function and to assert their possible impact on sports fans. By means of content analysis, a corpus of articles from a popular Italian sports newspaper, La Gazzetta dello Sport, was investigated in order to examine the stylistic properties typical of the language of sports. Indeed, all of the features described in this article’s review of literature on the language of sports were richly present in the corpus under scrutiny. their role consists in forming opinions, creating attitudes and arousing emotional reactions among readers.

Aviation as a new weapon emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. The event that influenced its development was the course of the First World War. It was not the decisive factor in determining the fate of the war, however, its dynamic development in the final stage of the war could indicate its great importance in the future. The development of military aviation was the domain of the military authorities. The popularisation campaign and the development of appropriate flight training programs were entrusted to the civilian authorities. The establishment of appropriate organisations was needed to effectively engage the public in cooperation. Sport aviation and gliding excelled in preparing young people for service in airborne combat units and transport aviation. Their development in Europe in the inter-war period proceeded in two ways. The first was the creation of organisations by administrative orders, which took place in Germany, Russia and Italy. The second was the skilful use of social initiatives linked to aviation interests, appropriately coordinated by the state and supported by subsidies, as was the case in England and France. The purpose of the establishment of these organisations and activities was to popularise and train aviation in the widest circles of society and to prepare it for a possible airborne threat.

For proper organization of sport and physical education in general, it is necessary to obtain empirical evidence on how sport influences youths’ social and moral development. To that effect, the research aim was to provide empirical data on the existence or non-existence of a connection between doing sport and prosocial behavior of the young. An appropriate questionnaire of pro-social behavior estimation was implemented on the sample of 61 students aged 12–14. The research findings show that there is a significant difference in the level of display of certain forms of prosocial behavior among the young athletes and their peers that are not engaged in some organized sport activities. Further, it was established that the type of sport influences the level of pro-social behavior manifestation. It was not found whether the length of doing sport is correlated with the pro-social behavior of adolescents. The results obtained point that organized sport activities represent the context having positive effects on the development of pro-social behavior of the young.

For proper organization of sport and physical education in general, it is necessary to obtain empirical evidence on how sport influences youth’s social and moral development. To that effect, the research aim was to provide empirical data on the existence or non-existence of a connection between doing sport and prosocial behavior of the young. An appropriate questionnaire of pro-social behavior estimation was implemented on the sample of 61 students aged 12–14. The research findings show that there is a significant difference in the level of display of certain forms of prosocial behavior among the young athletes and their peers that are not engaged in organized sport activities. Further, it was established that the type of sport influences the level of pro-social behavior manifestation. It was not found whether the length of doing sport is correlated with the pro-social behavior of adolescents. The results obtained point that organized sport activities represent the context having positive effects on the development of pro-social behavior of the young.

Year 2004 is established as the European Year of Education through Sport. Many people believe that participation in sport is beneficial to the process of education, indeed. But it has been also suggested that participation in sport may be detrimental for personality of young people. In this paper we would like to survey sport through the prism of pros and cons brought about by it to the process of education and to put forward some suggestions on how to release educational values from sport.