Celem artykułu jest wskazanie rozwiązań dotyczących zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa społeczności lokalnych zawartych w dokumentach programowych następujących partii politycznych: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Platforma Obywatelska RP , Nowoczesna Ryszarda Petru, Zjednoczona Lewica, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Partia Razem, Koalicja Odnowy Rzeczypospolitej Wolność i Nadzieja, a także ruchu społecznego, a obecnie stowarzyszenia Kukiz 15. Autor wyróżnił najważniejsze składowe bezpieczeństwa społeczności lokalnych; należą do niego: bezpieczeństwo przestrzeni (infrastruktura drogowa, miejsca wypoczynku, architektura, oświetlenie); bezpieczeństwo publiczne jest rozumiane jako gwarancja niezakłóconego funkcjonowania zarówno obywateli, jak i instytucji; bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne; dostęp do usług, świadczeń, instytucji; bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne społeczności lokalnej.
W tekście autor postara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy w programie partii politycznych bezpieczeństwo społeczności lokalnych było wyartykułowane i stanowiło wyróżniony fragment programu. Jak dużo związana z nim problematyka zajmowała miejsca. Na jakich elementach bezpieczeństwa skupiały się środowiska polityczne podczas wyborów parlamentarnych w 2015 roku.

The article describes the specific features of the new terrorism in the Donbass which has the support of Russia in the struggle for influence on the policy of Ukraine. The terrorist organizations on Donbass are specific territorial units. Using the concept ‘state’, focusing on the Orthodox faith and idea of ‘Russian world’ this terrorism has purpose to capture a new territory, intimidation and demoralization of Ukraine and the world community. In the context of anti-terrorist operation in the Donbass region we studied also the dynamic of changing the attitude of Ukrainians to Russia. From December 6 to December 15, 2014 the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) conducted All–Ukrainian poll of public opinion. Deterioration of attitudes towards Russia is observed in all regions. At the same time for studying attitude of Russians to Ukraine the Levada-center in Russia from 23 to 26 January, 2015 conducted a survey on a representative selection for Russian.
The purpose of the second research is monitoring humanitarian aid needs of the residents of Donbass (Donetsk and Lugansk region). The research was conducted by the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) in December 2014 (the author of article is one of the organizers of this research). The humanitarian situation in Donbas has deteriorated during period from December 2014 to September 2015: increased number of respondents who estimate the situation of living conditions as unbearable in their localities. A significant share surveyed population (15%) would like to leave the localities of Lugansk and Donetsk region but they are not able. Despite a distress half of the residents of Donbass are optimistic and unite to help each other.

Safety as a human right – collective aspect  in statement with individual aspect

Safety is widely understood as a natural human right and has numerous guarantees in international legal acts and in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. As a concept, it has a wide range and many aspects, which makes it difficult to clearly define. Its range includes diverse spheres of individual and social life. In the era of intense interpenetration of private and public life, safety in the individual dimension clashes with its collective aspect. Both public safety and private security are not absolute goods, and the Constitution provides possibility of limiting them. The purpose of the article is whether and to what extent the entity’s ability to use the right to security is affected by restrictions on the use of freedom and constitutional rights, including private security, as provided in art. 31 para. 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland for protection, among others public safety and public order.

Dynamic changes in the European climate policy are aimed at a drastic reduction of CO2 emissions. The Union’s policy has several social, economic, and political consequences. Therefore, it is subject to assessment from the perspective of the legal order, including the constitutional order of the Member States. Therefore, a question arises as to the compliance of the “Green Deal” policy with the Polish constitution. It can be very troublesome to answer them positively. The EU policy is not only implemented in the interest of the whole world, and its effectiveness is uncertain, if only due to the need for cooperation of the entire international community. An additional challenge may be the quite evident departure from the principle of sustainable development in favor of climate protection. Although the given questions are troublesome, they deserve attention and noticing an apparent collision.

Crisis Management in Times of Epidemics a Restriction of Human and Civil Liberties and Rights

The aim of this arcticle is to indicate how the epidemic threat may affect the crisis management, mainly in the administrative terms. The subject of the study covers the definition of the principles of crisis management and possible restrictions on human and civil liberties and rights at the time of an epidemic threat. The analysis of the topic will allow to answer the questions: “is the public administration able to ensure the safety of citizens in times of epidemics?” and “do the current and so far introduced legal regulations in connection with the coronavirus epidemic significantly restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens?”.The first part of the work presents issues related to crisis management and public safety. In the second, the rules of managing national security due to the spread of the coronavirus will be discussed.

The scientific objective of the study was to assess the risk associated with crime of foreign nationals in Switzerland in the years 2009–2015 as a threat to public security, including predictions concerning the development of the analysed phenomenon in the future. The practical purpose of the study was to recommend a strategy for the management of the analysed issues. In the research process, the author applied qualitative research methods, including query of the sources and analysis of statistical data, as well as analysis of risk using the FEMA methodology based on data from the years 2009–2015. The research fills a gap in studies on crime of foreign nationals in Switzerland. Article not only constitutes a diagnosis of the current nature and scale of crime of foreign nationals, but it also includes an arithmetic prediction concerning the evolution of the phenomenon in the future, in the context of it being a potential threat to public security in Switzerland.