Niniejszy tekst dotyczy genezy słowackiej świadomości narodowej, która narodziła się w XIX wieku w warunkach nasilającej się polityki madziaryzacji ze strony władz węgierskich. Miała ona miejsce najpierw w ramach monarchii austriackiej, a po ugodzie dworu austriackiego w Wiedniu z elitami węgierskimi i powstaniu Austro-Węgier nasiliła się w ramach Królestwa Węgierskiego. W odpowiedzi na politykę madziaryzacji narody niemadziarskie, w tym Słowacy – a ściślej ich niewielkie elity polityczne i kulturalne – podjęły próbę przeciwstawienia się polityce władz węgierskich. W tekście autor ukazał proces kształtowania się słowackiej świadomości narodowej, rolę Ľudovita Štúra, Jána Kollara i kolejnych działaczy, politycznych, ludzi kultury w tym procesie do 1918 r. Omówił też współpracę Słowaków z innymi narodami niewęgierskimi, mieszkającymi w Królestwie Węgierskim w walce o swoje prawa, przeciwko nacjonalistycznej polityce władz węgierskich, w tym okoliczności związania się Słowaków z Czechami w okresie poprzedzającym wybuch pierwszej wojny światowej i w latach jej trwania – zwłaszcza na przełomie 1917 i 1918 r., co ostatecznie doprowadziło do proklamowania w Pradze 28 października 1918 r. Republiki Czechosłowackiej jako jednego z nowych państw Europy Środkowej, powstałego na gruzach Austro-Węgier.

Slovakia, Austria and the allies during the years of World War II

The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour’s, was significantly different. Whereas Austria lost its independence and became a part of the German Reich, for the first time in its history Slovakia gained its autonomy on 14 March 1939.

W artykule zaprezentowano analizy uzyskanych wyników badań przeprowadzonych wśród marginalizowanych Romów słowackich przy użyciu systemu wartości ludzkich Shaloma H. Schwartza (1992). Rezultaty tych badań mogą być przydatne w wielu aspektach życia publicznego, w formułowaniu metodologii systemu szkolnego i w formułowaniu wytycznych dotyczących Romów, w opiece zdrowotnej i usługach medycznych, we wzmacnianiu prewencji problemów dla szczególnych terenów segregowanych. Rozpatrując różne typy społeczności romskich, wyniki badań w obrębie systemu wartości Romów i jego potencjalne zróżnicowanie mogą stanowić empirycznie weryfikowalne kryterium homogeniczności etnicznej i kulturowej badanej etniczności na Słowacji. Mogą one także przyczynić się do rozwiania stereotypów i uprzedzeń większości wobec ludności romskiej.

Czechs and Slovaks on the road to an independent state (1914–1918)

The following article describes the struggle of Czechs and Slovaks for independent Czechoslovakia during World War I and explains why Austria-Hungary could not survive.

Češi a Slováci na cestě do samostatného státu (1914–1918)

Bojná-Valy, an Early Medieval Hillfort in Slovakia. New interpretations

The Early Medieval hillfort Bojná-Valy in Slovakia is among the best known structures of this type in Europe. Until recently, it was attributed central functions but a new hypothesis suggests that it served as a kind of barracks.

The state of research into the history of hermitages in medieval Slovakia

In this historiographical paper, we map the latest state of research into Christian hermitages in medieval Slovakia. We focus on literature on the subject of hermits, the Order of Carthusians and the Pauline Fathers, published after 1989.

Mendicant orders in the academic discourse on medieval Slovakia after 1989

The changes in Slovakia that followed the Velvet Revolution of November 1989 created a new exploratory atmosphere in historical science, including the history of medieval monasticism.

Religiousness and the sense of identity of students from the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia

The subject matter explored in the article include the issues related to religiousness of university students. This category comprises their denominational structure, their attitude to religion, their self-evaluation of the essence of religion in life, the frequency of participation in religious practices. These categories are shown in relation to their sense of identity. The research with the use of the survey method was conducted among students from the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia who live in culturally diverse territories. The research results show the ongoing changes in Polish and Slovak societies. Young people take advantage of the possibility of making choices and their choices concern not only education and professional paths, but also the beliefs, behaviour and activities in the religious sphere. The surveyed students’ freedom of choice is manifested, among others, in their sense of a multidimensional identity and in the consciousness of belonging to the Church. Among the surveyed university youth – in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia – one can observe the individualization of religiousness in the form of the departure from religious affiliation, as well as in “belonging without faith”.

My case study examines an issue of Slovak occupation of the northern parts of Spisz and Orava regions in years 1939–1945 in the narration of the „Nový svet” – weekly newspaper. Slovak Army`s participation in invasion of Poland in September 1939 was an important topic for press all over that new country. Media platforms were informing their readers about military successes and diplomatic arrangements. In the article I analyse the process of creating propaganda narrative about attack, annexation and then administration over the conquered lands. The weekly was richly illustrated, so I write about role of the text as well as the picture. It should be remembered that many Slovaks were still illiterate at that time. The article considers if the narration has changed over the years.

Mobility of young adults from Central and Eastern European countries – a Polish-Czech-Slovak-Ukrainian comparative study

The young generation is treated as the future of society. This generation’s size, skills and knowledge, as well as economic activity, socio-cultural involvement, marital intentions and family (procreation) plans determine the quality of society. Thus, an important issue is the outflow of young people who decide to migrate abroad. It is therefore important to recognize both the current experiences and the life plans of the young generation in this field. In post-communist countries, the fall of the communist system had a major impact on the increase in mobility. Political, sociocultural and economic changes have contributed to the emergence of new migration-related phenomena and the so-called fluid migration, characterized by free movement of labour, massiveness, diversity and plasticity. The surveyed youth from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia have experiences related to functioning within open borders, unlike the youth from Ukraine, where the borders are closed. Wioletta Danilewicz notices the existence of the so-called migration culture, i.e. the acceptance (by the participants of migration processes) that these are phenomena constituting an inherent element of their lives, despite their awareness of the unfavourable co-occurring elements. The research results presented in the text indicate that the surveyed young adults do not fully follow this trend.

The Visegrád Group (V4) countries in the face of the war in Ukraine. Defense diplomacy during the first year of the war

Tense Russian-Ukrainian relations, sparked by the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Ukraine’s pro-European and pro-NATO ambitions, led to a Russian invasion on the country, significantly undermining the sense of security in the region. Especially the countries in close proximity to Ukraine, including Visegrad Group states, felt the threat from Russia and took a series of actions to provide a solid and decisive response to Moscow’s neo-imperial actions. The support extended had a multidimensional character, encompassing political, diplomatic, military, financial, and humanitarian areas, playing a fundamental role in sustaining Ukraine’s functioning and its military capabilities, particularly in the initial period after the invasion. The aim of the article is to synthetically depict, from a Polish perspective, the engagement of Visegrad Group countries in implementing the ideas and tasks of defense diplomacy in the first year of the war in Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2023.