The subject of the Belarusian minority in Podlasie, in addition to references to sociology or economics, is primarily of a political nature. The notions of identity and changes referred to have primary character for the conducted argument. The first of them is identity, which allows to indicate the distinctive features of the discussed minority in relation to other groups and cultural conditions of the region. The second concept is a change that allows to trace the discrepancies and similarities that characterize the dynamics to which the social group under examination is subject. Among the determinants influencing the transformation of the Belarusian minority in Podlasie, three remain key: the physical environment, the organization of life in the economic and political dimension, and cultural factors, with particular emphasis on the importance of religion.