The axiological and ideological foundations of liberal doctrines to economical issues

Classical political liberalism was not related with some economic concepts, although John Locke accept right to property as the fundamental law of nature. Later liberalism began involve to economic and social issues. Utilitarian liberalism of J. Bentham and John Stuart Mill created the foundations to social justice. Evolutionary liberalism of H. Spencer affirm human egoism and rivalry as the fundamental social principles, also he was proponent minimum and limited state in political economic. And social liberalism, introducing new concept of positive freedom, was for interventionism and social policy. In XX a. J. Rawls and egalitarian liberalism also was for such economical and social concepts. For this liberalism the primate values are justice as fairness and equality. Liberal doctrines was differently to economical concepts, because they have specific and various ideas and values.

The constitutional principle of economic freedom and COVID-19 – interventionism in the pandemic situation

The purpose of the article is to analyse the concept of economic freedom as a constitutional right in Poland, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to synthetically evaluate the intervention actions taken by government in the economic area – their nature and scope. Descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis of the economic impact of the pandemic were used. The research work points to the intensification of state interventionism while limiting economic freedom. This phenomenon, seemingly negative, should be assessed positively, because the actions taken by government actually limit the multidimensional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic LONG COVID – Constitutional Context and Economic Perspective

The aim of this article is the analysis of the constitutional context of government interventions of the European Union states as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an indication of the effects on economic freedom. An analysis was made of the constitutional provisions of the European Union member states in shaping the economic system and economic freedom guarantees, as well as a comparative analysis of three economic freedom indicators: Index of Economic Freedom, Economic Freedom of the World and The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker. Research showed that despite the constitutional guarantees of economic freedom, the scope and intensity of the preventive measures undertaken by the governments in order to counteract the health, social, and economic effects of the pandemic may cause a long-term restriction of freedom and democracy. The conclusions presented in this article are the result of research that is a continuation of analyses, the synthesis of which is presented in the publication „The constitutional principle of economic freedom and COVID-19 – state interventionism in pandemic conditions” (“Constitutional Law Review” 2021, no. 5/63).