In the contemporary world, the development of education is given special importance. Education is considered as a basic force of civilization changes. Interdisciplinary education, focused on innovation, is seen as a necessary challenge to cultural changes. The level of education is becoming an increasingly important factor in determining the economic, political and social behaviour as well as values shaping systems. Currently, educational challenges are of interest to different actors of cultural life. They draw attention to the types of education, institutional arrangements, curricula, the teachers image, educators and students, teaching methods, forms of extracurricular education, financial aspects, etc. These issues are awakening big disputability, and even controversy, both political factors, responsible for shaping educational policy and public opinion, including teachers and researchers interested in various aspects of education. There is on the one hand – pursuance to preserve tradition, cultivating patterns developed in the historical process and enrich them through the elements of civilization challenges and on the other hand – promotes belief in the need for education outgoing to meet civilization challenges of education called modern, rejecting the existing patterns of development; moreover, in a Polish cultural reality, the traditional school model is known as a little – friendly institution for teacher and student. 

In Russian-Polish relations there were periods of improvement and deterioration, UPS and downs, due to both historical reasons and internal political changes and the influence of external factors. In these difficult political circumstances, the sphere of culture, education and science have always served as a reserve and a platform for maintaining contacts between the two countries. Of special importance are regular meetings of experts in international Affairs to discuss topical and theoretical problems of world politics and bilateral relations between Russia and Poland.

First of all, I would like to highlight the fact that discussion about the system and mechanisms of self-development of young researchers in the post-doctoral phase in Poland has only just begun. The problem became very serious when we started to implement the guidelines of the Strategy of Bologna, which means introducing three educational stages: Bachelor’s degree (a€ er 3 years spent at the university), Master’s degree (a€ er next two years), and Doctorate degree (four years).

The ability to focus, empathy, courage and responsibility are important determinants affecting the development of pro-social behavior. In the modern education system, they are rarely appreciated. They are being pushed away, often far from pragmatism and academic knowledge. In the same time the modern world needs a person able to see deeper and more thorough, that is able to discover what seems to be hidden from the sight of others.

The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of field activities in the development of selected social attitudes. The participants moved around with their eyes closed assisted by their colleagues. The study was conducted during the obligatory winter camps of the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation in the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw in 2014–2016. 86 students were tested, amongst them there were 37 women and 49 men. The experimental group consisted of people carrying out their snowboard training and experiencing temporary shutdown of visual perception during the activity. The results were compared with tests carried out on the third and fourth stage of education. The basic research method was a pedagogical experiment, that involved participant observation tool. To collect more detailed data a diagnostic survey was also used. The study used collecting material techniques – a survey, a complementary interview and a video recording the behavior of respondents during the activities. People with experience in practicing snowboarding with eyes closed (experimental group) did much better in difficult terrain showing lower level of feelings of anxiety and greater courage, composure and accuracy in performing given tasks. Respondents playing the guide role presented rarely seen in everyday situations empathetic attitude in response to their colleagues stress reactions. The results allow to draw conclusion that the use of similar activities at different levels of education can be an effective tool in building positives interpersonal relationships in educational institutions and beyond. Studies show that getting such effects as increased levels of concentration, accuracy in action, coping with stress – which connects to more effectively undertaken in difficult conditions – can be possible only through systematic training using a temporary shutdown of visual perception.

Creating a innovating social-economic environment is a key to to helping the development of society based on knowledge. The realisation of the innovation policy takes place at the local government level. The main strategy of development is created at the central level but it’s the local government is responsible for implementing that strategy. There can be observed a wrong understanding of innovation. Innovation is not only connected with new technologies and so it is more important now then ever to build a social attitude of innovation promotion.

The paper considers challenges of moving education into Cloud under the conditions of digital divide. The content of the paper is divided into two parts. In the first one, the focus is on digital divide, since it greatly affects the issue. In the second part, a model for adapting Cloud in higher educational environment is proposed, with the emphasise on the needs of so-called developing countries, which suffer consequences of digital inequality. The statistical analyses of the survey conducted on the basis of the proposed model have been made at two universities in Montenegro (South-East Europe). Moreover, brief conclusions along with some guidelines for the future research work in the field are given.

Network Security as the component of media education
Abstract: Media literacy is defined as the key to understanding social reality, because to a large extent the media are a reflection and create attitudes, and even views. One of the elements of media education is to develop skills attitudes related to the use of cyberspace and to understand the processes, the situation in the place. The information society requires an appropriate message on the Internet, but often this is limited to technical skills, not awareness of how to safely use the network and move around in the virtual world. The lowest awareness on this issue are children and youth who uncritically utilize network resources without noticing the dangers that may lurk when you are in the network. The article discusses the challenges of media education in the field of network security, risks associated with the use of the Internet, media pedagogy and education to the safe use of the Internet. The author tries to point out shortcomings of education in schools and the way of cooperation with schools, which will optimize the effects of teaching media education on the safe use of cyberspace.

The article attempts to systematize the issue of resistance manifestations in the context of education. The analyses presented in the article are an introduction to designing a three-dimensional model of resistance, which enables to examine acts of resistance from the angle of their three intertwined aspects: action, space and motivation. They are basic layers determining the analysis range of particular displays of resistance in education and society. These dimensions were developed based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical literature regarding the issue of resistance and on the author’s own research on this phenomenon.

In the article, the question is raised whether human knowledge, abilities, emotions and socialization are capable of shaping social structures according to the idea of multiculturalism (which faces a critical situation), introducing the humanistic quality to the principles of coherence and integration. With my own research results in the background (diagnostic polling and individual interviews), integration and identity are presented as strategies determined by aims, subjects (players) and profits (rewards). What has been indicated is the idea worth promoting in the field of pedagogy, in educational institutions and in whole societies, i.e., shaping the culture which re-builds the real power of group life. The postulate to shape such culture in multicultural communities is very hard to implement, but not impossible. The presented results of the studies conducted on a specific group of young Europeans – the participants of a short-term international voluntary workcamp – indicate and illustrate the development of cognitive functions, motivation and interactive activity of kindness- based character.
The interpretative tracks and motifs for the obtained results are sought in K. Illeris’s holistic concept of learning and in other theories of various origin, not much known in the field of pedagogy: H. Simon’s concept of bounded rationality and R. Aumann’s theory of repeated games (otherwise called the theory of “conflict and cooperation” or “interactive decisions”). Applying two different approaches into the discussed issues – the theoretical and empirical, detailed and partially generalized approach – is cognitively interesting and useful in the practical dimension. This might help both to specify the stimuli which cause the evolution of human attitudes and strategies of acting and to design and organize education.

This paper is a report of some studies conducted by the author in the Roma community in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. After a brief introduction and characteristics of the surveyed group, the theoretical basis of the research and the methodological approach was presented. The project was supposed to be an attempt to show the difference between the education of Roma and of the dominant community in their country of residence. The research objective of the project was to identify the Roma perception of education and school duty, to identify and understand the relationship between the Roma identity and their relation to education and participation. Three areas were analysed: identities, culture, and education. The identification of their identities, their participation in culture and the education of the culturally dominant group are indicated. The conclusions concern the current situation of the Roma in these areas and possible recommendations or solutions for the future.

The aim of this article is to present the selected findings of the research carried out over the last decade on the situation of foreign pupils undergoing their education in Polish schools. The thesis being verified is that due to the lack of intercultural competencies of teachers, the educational institutions are not able to deal with the rising problems. Final conclusions point the necessity of changes in teacher training programs.

The aim of the article is to present vital issues related to the school situation of foreign children in Poland. The first part concerns the processes of education and integration of this group of students and legal possibilities to support them. The second one is devoted to the presentation of two (co-written by the author of the article) pedagogical innovations (intercultural portfolio and intercultural tales), which allow us to work with foreigners (kindergarten or first grade) and culturally diverse groups. They serve teaching Polish as a foreign language and forming sensitivity towards otherness.
Poland is a country with a relatively low degree of cultural diversity. Working with foreign students is still a big challenge for the teaching staff. Properly chosen educational methods are an important part of the success of the education and integration of foreign students.
Evaluation studies show that the methods presented in the text, because of their specificity (possibility of an active and creative learning), gained approval of students and teachers, and are effective. They motivate students to learn and share knowledge about their own culture. They can be used in the course of various activities in the area of education. This article is for everyone interested in intercultural education of children.

Political thought of polish underground national movement during World War II

Nationalists were one of the numerous Polish political movements during World War II. Actively engaging in the fight against the occupying forces, they suffered heavy losses, but does not prevent them in the creation of significant heritage in the field of political thought. The aim of the article is to present the political thought of Polish national movement during the Second World War. Historical, qualitative and comparative methods were used. The whole has been divided into several parts,, in which author examines the with issues of political thought as: Polish war aims, vision of state borders, ratio to national minorities, vision of the political system, economic vision, vision of national security, education and upbringing. The whole article has to show how rich the heritage of those generations.

The article is aimed at presenting the category of science capital as a new category in the field of pedagogical research. Science capital as a construct was proposed in the second decade of the 21st century by the team of Louise Archer from King’s College. This category consists of: (1) scientific forms of cultural capital, (2) behavior and practices related to science, and (3) scientific forms of social capital. The text presents the development of this concept together with a discussion of its elements and their meaning. Scientific capital can be one of the greatest wealth of society, and its use depends on the future development of not only individual units, but also the country and the possibility of high achievements in the fields of science. This is a very current issue, therefore it is important to better understand the shaping of the science capital of young people. The text also reviews the previous empirical studies devoted to the analyzed category. On this basis, it was concluded that scientific capital as an educational variable is still subjected to reconceptualization, requires refinement and further exploration.

W artykule zostały poddane analizie naukowe badania komparatystyczne ukraińskich uczonych dotyczące rozwoju pedagogiki w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz doświadczenia tego kraju w reformowaniu systemu edukacji w kontekście eurointegracji. Podkreślono, że dla ukraińskich uczonych polskie doświadczenia są najbardziej aktualne i interesujące, o czym świadczą liczne publikacje w czasopismach naukowych oraz dysertacje. Określono i przeanalizowano ponadto podstawowe grupy tematyczne takich badań, jak: rozwój edukacji uniwersyteckiej; edukacji międzykulturowej; profesjonalne przygotowywanie przyszłych nauczycieli; modernizacja edukacji zawodowej; transformacje w systemie edukacji szkolnej; nauczanie i wychowywanie uczniów; analiza sylwetek postaci historycznych, które włożyły wielki wkład w rozwój nauk pedagogicznych; nowe podejścia do zarządzania systemem edukacji. Odwołano się do fundamentalnych badań polskich uczonych w zakresie wymienionej problematyki. Sformułowano wniosek, zgodnie z którym polskie szkoły naukowe, reformy w dziedzinie edukacji są katalizatorem naukowych idei ukraińskich uczonych w dziedzinie pedagogiki, wzorem modernizowania edukacji w kontekście jej europejskiego rozbudowywania.

Autorka tekstu podejmuje problematykę relacji między językiem a edukacją. Egzemplifikacją jest kultura kaszubska. Postrzega język jako element gry o tożsamość etniczną (kulturową). Ponadto opisuje proces zmiany statusu (prestiżu) języka kaszubskiego, co odzwierciedla się w podejściu do formalnej edukacji kaszubskiej. Uznanie mowy kaszubskiej jako języka przekłada się na uznanie prawa do edukacji kaszubskiej.

Socrates and Confucius constitute roots of western and eastern civilization respectively and represent very different cultural values and educational traditions. Both of the philosophers lived around 4 – 5th century B.C.E., but there were huge differences in the social and cultural environments in which they lived. Different cultural and social factors in ancient Greece and China led to differences in Socratic and Confucian approaches to learning. Their educational philosophies have been discussed on the base of the aim of education, the content of education, the teaching process, and the nature of the contemporary education. The method used in the described study is hermeneutics, or interpretation of the literary (here scientific) texts, thus the study is cross-cultural in nature and concerns the features of the contemporary education in both cultures.

The process of globalisation poses global challenges, both new or already existing. There exist global threats of intense power interactions. Each act of creation of World Order is accompanied by predicaments, as there are multiple interests and numerous exclusive aspirations, all of which need to be overcome in order to shape a foundation for a secure Global Order. Thus, teachers’ responsibility for the transmission of knowledge about the world after the bipolar rivalry between the Soviet Union and the USA is of utmost importance in school education. Undoubtedly, teachers’ expertise is meant to shape pupils’ further choices and lifestyles.

In the contemporary society, teachers are confronted with an exceptional challenge that is different from those of earlier generations. In education, the subject of brand personality is not yet a well-studied field. The authors would like to shed some light on the important phenomenon.

Globalization processes stimulate the emerging of new cultural borderlands including, among many others, cyberspace and global cites. They create complex socio-cultural spaces of participation which can be described in the categories of diversity, instability, hybridity and creolization as well as multiple forms, ways, contents and institutions of socialization. The aforementioned changes impact the perception of the “place” category, the contemporary meaning, includes not only the physical space but also its history and cultural traditions. They also create new challenges and conditions for the processes of identity forming. Identification with the culturally diverse milieu can support development of the culture borderland identity. In certain conditions there can also be created a culturally uprooted protean identity or be neo-tribal identity of a bulwark defender. The above – mentioned processes and phenomena challenge contemporary education by creating new chances as well as jeopardizing socialization of youth.