Children’s Literature in the World of Apps: Hypermedia Adaptations of Classic and Contemporary Picturebooks

This analysis aims to describe the main features of hypermedia literary apps for children by considering a corpus of adaptations of classic and contemporary picturebooks. In particular, it highlights the multimodal nature that defines hypermedia texts and their meanings, as well as the interactivity that programs different degrees of readers’ involvement and the various ways of using and exploring the virtual space of touchscreens. By describing some hypermedia features deployed in a selection of classic texts, I focus on the hypermedia adaptations of three contemporary Italian picturebooks: Iole, la balena mangiaparole by Gioia Marchegiani, Amico ragnolo by Gloria Francella, and Love, the App by Alberto Vanni. These were chosen to illustrate the significant literary use of several textual materials, the implementation of different types of interactivity, and the recreation of the material characteristics of the print edition through the virtual page. Founded on the appropriation and re-interpretation of the source, the adaptations considered here show a mix of literary intents and digital technologies, while highlighting the substantial homogeneity of the hypermedia strategies used in adapting classic and contemporary texts.

The Polish Loan-Words in the Russian Literary Language (XIX–XX Centuries)

The article presents some loan-word of the polish origins in the Russian literary language. Significant number of words adopted from Polish language along history of the Russian language essentially enriched it`s lexical fund. This article aims to reveal the polish in the Russian literary language of the XIX-XX centuries and to analyze the semantic adaptation loan-words loaned by the Russian literary language from Polish.

The article discusses a  range of common problems faced by international students while studying in Russia, drawing on the example of Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg). Analysis of the sociological data has shown that international students have to deal with the following adaptation barriers: organizational barriers which students face when joining the educational process; socio-cultural barriers which mostly stem from the lack of language proficiency; getting accustomed to daily routines of living on the campus; informational barriers caused by a low awareness of the conditions of life and studying in Russia (Russian cultural norms and values, the climate of the Urals, etc.). The article reveals a correlation between the specificity of the countries international students come from and the main stages of their adaptation, providing guidelines for improvement of international student support at Ural Federal University.

The aim of this article is to show the relationship between, the features (in cultural, sociological and political science terms) exhibited by contemporary Russian society and the political regime (in holistic terms by J. Linz), that existed in the Russian Federation (in the years 2007–2015). We assume that an evolution from stable contemporary Russian society to amalgams system combining elements of authoritarianism with dictatorship has taken place during this period. We point out the essential features that constitute the nature of Russian society and social behavior of political importance. Referring to the theory of “the state in society” by D. Migdal, We put the thesis that it is just the Russian way of thinking resulting in certain behavior, that causes the permanence of contemporary Russian society with a tendency to move on the line continuum toward totalitarianism. Proving that Russian society is not a civil society, but a state society, we determine the structure, the role and the modes of operation of Russian intra-system opposition.

Jedną z ważnych kategorii pedagogicznych jest kategoria Innego. Może ona być rozpatrywana jako doświadczanie Inności oraz jako relacja z Innym. W artykule podejmuję refleksję nad doświadczeniem inności przez rodziców dzieci z niepełnosprawnością. Zastanawiam się nad źródłem tego doświadczenia. Przedstawiam także teoretyczne wzorce adaptacji inności przez rodziców – procesu przyjęcia niepełnosprawności.

Human adaptation to the environment plays an important role in their careers and substantially affects its professional development. Adaptation consists of many factors that imply positive or negative conditions of a person’s professional work.
The article is a theoretical outline of various possibilities for adapting people in the work environment on the basis of social sciences such as pedagogy, sociology, psychology.
The article is a theoretical outline of various possibilities of adapting a man in the work environment on the basis of social sciences such as pedagogy, sociology, psychology. The development of the topic is the analysis of the usefulness of selected theories of professional adaptation for special pedagogy in the functioning of people with disabilities. Complementing this analysis is pointing to various barriers to adaptation to the working environment of the disabled. Conclusions include, among others, strengthening of professional activation and social activation of people with disabilities.

Narracja nie jest zjawiskiem wyłącznie językowym, lecz fenomenem o naturze kognitywnej aktywizującym się za sprawą odszyfrowania treści komunikatu. Owa aktywizacja warunkuje powstanie u czytelnika konstruktu mentalnego rozpatrywanego jako skrypt narracji. Zależnie od medium, w jakim następuje realizacja opowieści, odbiorca w odmienny sposób wytwarza skrypt, nawet jeżeli opowieść oparta jest na podobnym rdzeniu fabularnym. Problem ten ma szerokie zaplecze teoretyczne, jednak dotychczas żaden z badaczy nie pokusił się o przeanalizowanie na wybranym przykładzie, jak przekład intermedialny wpływa na wytworzenie konstruktu mentalnego. W niniejszym artykule zostaje podjęta próba uzupełnienia tej luki. Analiza, wykorzystująca ustalenia narratologii transmedialnej oraz komparatystyki mediów, zostanie przeprowadzona oparciu o film „Pokot” Agnieszki Holland i jego literacki pierwowzór - „Prowadź swój pług przez kości umarłych” Olgi Tokarczuk.

The objective of this study is to present the opinions of Ukrainian secondary school students, living in a boarding school in Lublin, on their adaptation to the new environment while studying in Poland. The questionnaire method was used, which offered an insight into particular aspects of adaptation for their studying abroad, e.g., coping with being parted from their family, managing free time, adjusting to the new educational environment, viewing the Polish society, as well as observing differences and similarities between the Polish and Ukrainian culture. The collected data point to a need to intensify educational activity promoting the space of mutual understanding between the citizens of the neighbouring countries. The problems revealed in this study show that the educational migration of Ukrainian students to Poland requires implementing a long-term and systemic educational policy that would shape multicultural competence of the Polish society.

Adaptation of generations in post-Soviet countries to most radical social changes

The article inquiries into the influence of age on the adaptation to changes among post-Soviet societies. The analysis of secondary data from survey research conducted in representative research samples in post-soviet republics was used in the research. Survey data from Russia (N=992), Belarus (N=1034), Moldova (N=970) and Ukraine (N=1000) was analyzed. The results show that the age facilitates positive adaptation. Younger generations had a higher level of happiness, evaluated their financial situation, their standing in the social hierarchy and prospects for the future better. The highest level of satisfaction with democracy was noted in Belarus and Russia. Lower marks were given by the citizens of Moldova, whereas the biggest disappointment was noticed in Ukraine. The Russians and the Belarusians followed by the Moldovans were located on high positions on the continuum of adaptation to social changes, but the Ukrainians managed to adapt to the system to the lowest degree.

The long way to freedom - adaptation problems of North Korean defectors in South Korea

Although South Korea and North Korea have shared a common national and cultural heritage for thousands of years, they have become de facto stranger to each other in the last few decades. They differ not only in a different political and economic system, but also in the mentality and lifestyle of ordinary citizens, and in language. Since the 1990s, the number of North Korean defectors has increased. Those who decide to escape to South Korea encounter many problems in their new homeland. The aims of this article is to present the main adaptation problems faced by North Korean defectors, such as trauma, discrimination and problems with assimilation in South Korean society. There are also shown the examples of how to overcome or reduce them, as well as what support from the South Korean authorities looks like.

The article presents research results obtained as part of the implemented project regarding identification of the process of adaptation of students to the conditions of new education caused by the pandemic. The opinions of students have been obtained by means of a diagnostic survey. They allowed to reconstruct individual adaptation models adopted by the students in response to distance learning and need to adjust to the education process during lockdown.

The article deals with the problem of error-oriented motivation of Turkish students during the adaptation process to a foreign university (on an example of a Ukrainian university). Research was conducted on two samples of first year students: 45 Turkish and 61 Ukrainian students. An error-oriented motivation questionnaire and survey were used to identify strategies for student response to mistakes and the main problems of adaptation. It was determined that Turkish students are more likely to use a Learning from mistakes strategy and are more exposed to such adaptation problems as communication problems with the administration, difficulties in adapting to the new social environment, and emotional problems.

With the passage of time William Shakespeare’s dramatic works became a great inspiration to artists from the area of popular culture. The bard’s masterpieces are often used by filmmakers, including those who create animated movies. The Shakespearian motifs can appear in animated movies in many different ways: starting from accurate adaptations, through movies just slightly inspired by the plot of the dramatic works, ending up with films that refer only to particular characters or popular scenes from the plays. The elements of Shakespearian works may serve as an inspiration for completely new stories, they may also act as an insignificant quirkiness or as a sign of intellectual curiosity. This article’s aim is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the animated adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays, indicated for young viewers. On the one hand the techniques used by animators give a chance to find new visual expression of the bard’s plays and let us watch well-known, classic stories in a modern context. On the other hand – what is confirmed by the survey presented in this article – casual approach to Shakespeare’s works, instead of bridging the gaps between the dramatist and young participants in media and culture, may increase the distance between them.

This text is an attempt to reconstruct how emigrants from Poland adapted to the living conditions in Scottish society after Poland acceded to the European Union. Using the functional perspective, four potential forms of migrant adaptation were defined according to their relations with the social system of the host country. Assimilation, integration, marginalisation, and isolation were distinguished as four essential types occurring with different intensities and frequencies. The adaptation of migrants to new living conditions was analysed using these forms concerning the following three critical dimensions of human existence: the material, the cultural, and the social. It makes it possible to show the diversity of the adaptation strategies according to gender and the problem of working in jobs below one’s skill level. On the other hand, the analysis of the cultural and social dimensions made it possible to identify issues related to the accumulation of family social capital and difficulties in transferring cultural capital between the two countries. The survey also showed that Polish migrants have a high integration potential. However, situations where unfavourable or negative experiences of migrants intensify, may constitute a fundamental basis for developing an adaptation strategy that will result in the marginalisation of this group.

The Theory of Regional Security Complexes (RSC) provides a conceptual framework to encompass the emerging new post-Cold War international security order. It proposes a model of regional security which makes it possible to analyse, explain and predict the development of the situation in a given region. It is based on the assumption that it is the regional level, not the global or the level of a single state, that constitutes the optimal basis for conducting security analyses. So far, few researchers have attempted to challenge the theoretical assumptions of the RSC concept, and few have tried to develop or supplement it. At the same time, it is clear that the emerging new types of challenges, changing the state’s behaviour, force the revision or updating of some existing theoretical frameworks. It also applies to the Regional Security Complex theory and the adaptation of its conceptual framework to the surrounding reality so that it can continue to be reliably studied. This article considers the possibilities of further evolution of the RSC theory and, in particular, analyses the state of its development to date and proposes solutions to complement it and adapt it to newly emerging phenomena.

Mental Health of Young People in Times of Military Conflict

The complex set of political, social, economic and environmental factors that result from military conflicts have an indirect and prolonged effect on public health. The destruction of medical and public health infrastructure complicates the process of providing assistance to victims, limiting both access and quality. Mental health is an important dimension of human capital that significantly affects aspects of human life such as well-being, employment, work, capital, stigma, and so on. According to the WHO, in situations of armed conflict, about 10% of traumatized people will have serious mental health problems, and another 10% will develop behaviors that interfere with their ability to function effectively. Depression, anxiety and psychosomatic problems, such as insomnia, are the most common consequences. The younger generation living in conflict-affected areas is vulnerable to mental health problems. During the war, young people face two types of traumatic events: type I (sudden traumatic event) and type II (prolonged exposure to adverse events, which leads to dysfunctional coping mechanisms). As a result, young people suffer from anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and dissociative disorders. The most important variables that determine the impact of war on the mental health of young people are the deprivation of basic resources (housing, water, food, education, health, etc.); broken family relationships (due to loss, separation or relocation); stigma and discrimination (significantly affect identity); pessimistic worldview (constant feeling of loss and grief, inability to see a bright future). Meta-analyzes use mixed methods to study mental health and psychosocial well-being in non-standard settings, such as focus groups and in-depth interviews. This is necessary for the formation of the research question, modification of tools for the analysis of local situations and interpretation of the collected epidemiological data. Models of rehabilitation of psychosocial systems are based on the need for a multilevel approach to psychosocial interventions that take into account the individual, family and the community as a whole. The public health model requires the interaction between social and individual age and time variables, with particular emphasis on risk and protection groups at different stages of life.

The main objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis about the relationship between a sense of efficacy and educational strategies for teachers, conceptualized as a heteronomy – autonomy dimension. A move towards autonomous strategies should be linked to a strong sense of efficacy in teachers. The study, planned in this manner, was to verify the concept of education strategy discussed in this article, and the ability to predict educational strategies in schools based on the knowledge of the sense of efficacy in the teachers implementing them. The results positively verify these hypotheses, but also show the problematic ruling which of the strategies (heteronymous or autonomous) is more effective in the perception of teachers.

The decision about emigration for economic reasons, including emigration to Ireland, after Poland joining the European Union, has been the object of research interests of a number of fields of knowledge. Sometimes, a tempting vision of improving Polish people’s own economic status makes them decide to leave the homeland without any knowledge about the culture of the adopted society. The article is focused on the analysis of the language competence of Polish grammar school students in Ireland. There are presented weaknesses and strategies for surviving in the new environment without language skills and its influence on adaptation to school and life in Ireland. The article is supported by the research conducted in Irish grammar schools and Polish weekend schools in Ireland (2010–2011).

The process of system transformation starting in the 90s and continuing its consequences since more than a decade directs to the functioning in the mentioned context of social actors with the specific scope of demands, related to their adaptation to the liberal and democratic reality. The demands are directed to the individuals as well as to the different institutions, among others to the educational ones. The process of adaptation to new social conditions and reaching more actual qualities, in the criteria of the highly advanced in specific aspects societies or communities, can take on the form of modernisation. In the paper there are analysed the characteristics of the actual social realities of pluralistic, liberal, democratic every-day conditions, their consequences for the spheres of the individuals' functioning and directions of the possibilities of utilizing the resolves implicated by the theory of modernisation in creating the educational and extra-educational reality.

More and more books, studies and articles have been warning us recently that we are experiencing a period of history in which conformism is increasing in prevalence; as if conformism was becoming the underlying principle of social and institutional existence and adaptation. Similarly, this phenomenon is present in the field of education, what is more, the easily conformable student has become a general ideal. Education seems to prefer mass production of students who are compliant and obedient. We are no longer surprised when we encounter phrases such as the NAT (NAT: Nemzeti Alaptanterv: National Curriculum) -compatible curriculum, EU-compatible education and management, or a Euro-compatible value system. It is clear that teaching and education are constantly facing the problem of conformism. Considering this, it is sad and incomprehensible that educational psychology is so insensitive to this topic and that different educational superstitions have such a strong hold in the fields of educational politics, research and pedagogical practice. For the sake of differentiated education it is time we considered the original meaning of conformism and the dilemma of conformism/non-conformism. The American liberal thinker, William Penn, pointed out three hundred years ago that citizens give up their freedom and culture. Ernst Fischer summarised that in the statement: conformism is the submersion of Self in Everyman. From this original and classical definition we can conclude that conformism, no matter how fashionable and powerful it may be, is a pejorative and extreme phenomenon. In and through conformism an individual gives up his/her autonomy and always adjusts his/her opinion and behaviour to something else. We also have to understand that non-conformism is not a positive alternative to conformism. Conformism means adapting without conviction, and likewise, non-conformism is not-adapting without conviction. Both are harmful and extreme forms of behaviour, neither can exceed the other. So education has to fight against both the compliant, obedient, i.e. conforming student and the rebellious youth, who always says no for the sake of saying no. Our goal is to help, with much more efficiency than before, the development of the process whereby the youth will acceptingly reject and at the same time rejectingly accept the influences of the world.