Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid globally to education of both children and youth. It has been the result of ever-growing requirements of learners’ knowledge, as well as educational cultivation of young people. Contemporary society has been witnessing undesirable actions of learners against teachers. That is why the paper discusses learners’ interactions with teachers and how they are assessed by teachers. The paper also introduces implications for improving the quality of teachers’ interventions in educational processes.

The study focuses on the implementation of inquiry-based science education (IBSE) within the 7FP ESTABLISH project and its impact on pupils. The project included the creation of education units and realization of courses for teachers with the goal of educating teachers on IBSE. This was then followed by the implementation of IBSE education units into the teaching schedule of teachers who completed the respective courses. The impact of IBSE on pupils was evaluated using adopted and adjusted evaluation tools. The evaluation focused on the impacts on pupils’ intrinsic motivation for learning natural sciences, understanding the importance of natural sciences for society and pupils’ epis- temological beliefs. The study discusses the results obtained in Slovakia and focuses especially on gender differences.

The objective of this article is to present the theoretical assumptions and psychometric properties of the Model of Inversed Death Questionnaire. The existential and educational consequences of the new cultural model of death which spreads in modern western civilization justify the need to create the tool to measure the extent to which the model of inversed death is present. Based on studies, involving 341 students from universities in Warsaw, reliability, construct and criterial validity of the tool were tested. It has been shown, that this tool has the correct psychometric properties and can be used in subsequent studies. The multidimensional internal structure of the Model of Inversed Death Questionnaire corresponds to the theoretical model of the studies whereby there is four typical phenomena of the model of inversed death: demetaphysication of death, trivialization of death, taboo of death, separation of death experiences.

W USA, Guo-Ming Chen i William J. Starosta opracowali narzędzia badawcze w postaci Skali Wrażliwości Międzykulturowej do pomiaru wrażliwości międzykulturowej jako głównego wymiaru kompetencji komunikacji międzykulturowej. W Niemczech Wolfgang Fritz, Antje Möllenberg oraz Guo-Ming Chen, na próbie 541 studentów potwierdzili jego trafność, rekomendując je dla populacji Europy Zachodniej. W artykule zaprezentowano polską wersję kwestionariusza do pomiaru wrażliwości międzykulturowej wraz z jego własnościami psychometrycznymi i wynikami analizy normalizacyjnej. Ponadto w opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne kwestionariusza oraz jego budowę i zasady posługiwania się narzędziem. Polska wersja kwestionariusza (identycznie jak oryginalna) składa się z 24 pozycji testowych zawartych w obrębie pięciu podskal (α-Cronbacha 0,85) oraz spełnia wszystkie warunki tzw. dobroci psychometrycznej testu. Narzędzie pozwala w sposób szybki, trafny i rzetelny dokonywać pomiaru podstawowych czynników wrażliwości międzykulturowej, takich jak: Zaangażowanie w interakcję, Szacunek dla różnic kulturowych, Pewność w interakcji, Przyjemność z interakcji, Uwaga/Pilność w interakcji. Narzędzie może być stosowane przez naukowców i praktyków we wszystkich sytuacjach, w których mamy do czynienia z interakcją w środowiskach zróżnicowanych kulturowo (biznes, edukacja, turystyka itd.). Do artykułu załączono kwestionariusz wraz z kluczem, ułatwiającą praktykom analizę i interpretację uzyskanych wyników.

Art and science of creating a questionnaires in quantitative research. New reality and new challenges

The text enriches the theoretical reflection on the standardization of measurement tools in the methodology of social sciences. The need for this text is also, to some extent, didactic and organizing the reflection so far. This article presents the original concept of analyzing questionnaire questions on three following levels: content-related, logical, and psychological. The substantive / content-related level refers to the division according to the way of construction - structure, format - questions and/or answers. On the other hand, the logical plane is a division according to the functions given questions or groups of questions fulfilled in a broader context, i.e. concerning the whole questionnaire. The psychological plane was distinguished due to the intended or unintended but unavoidable emotional reactions evoked by the respondent). In the last part of the text, a reflection on the most common errors in research tools is presented and recommendations for avoiding them are formulated.

Attitude to Marriage as a Relationship Formalization Questionnaire was designed to study the dynamically changing forms of modern family. Article presents the most important demographical and social trends concerning marriage in Poland, which justify the need to create standardized tool for studies on attitude of young people towards marriage. Final version of the questionnaire consists of 42 statements, which comprise three scales of attitude toward marriage as: sense of happiness and belonging; relationship formalization and sense of safety; a result of actions resulting from internalized social and religious norms. Questionnaire has high psychometric values and can be used in studies of people aged 16-30. It can be applied in psychological, demographical, sociological or economic research.

A child's entry into primary school is an important life event for parents that is accompanied not just by the child’s expectations but also those of the parents themselves. We have attempted to interpret them in the present study, which presents the results of a quantitative research investigation conducted through random multi-stage stratified sampling based on analysing relevant surveys and building on the authors' previous qualitative investigations. The sample studied was 504 parents of pupils in Years 1 and 2 who attended selected primary schools in the 2020/2021 school year. The main data collection tool was an online questionnaire that mapped primary school choice strategies and parents' expectations of the school, schooling, and teachers. These factors were then examined in relation to the variable choice of an educational program and parents' attitudes toward education (an academic approach versus a personalistic one). We found that parents' expectations of school choice are principally divided according to whether respondents believe school should fulfil the more traditional role of education or whether they prefer their children to develop their personalities and seek an alternative educational program or school for their offspring.

This paper deals with the problem of school climate and research into it. We introduce results of school climate assessment at grammar school from the viewpoint of students, teachers and parents.

The Usefulness of the Textbook in the Teaching of Italian in In-Person and Remote Contexts

The present article is aimed at observing the usefulness of the traditional paper textbook for Italian language teaching in two educational contexts: in in-person and remote teaching. Its main research question concerns possible differences and similarities in the use of the textbook in the traditional and virtual classroom. The focus is also put on the specifics of the textbook application, such as the selection of content, types of texts, and activities preferred by teachers. In the first part of the article, the theoretical basis is illustrated and the definition of language textbooks and the specifics of remote teaching during and after the Covid-19 pandemic are highlighted. In the second, analytical part, the data from the survey on the usefulness of the traditional textbook in in-person and remote teaching have been presented. The relevant questionnaire was distributed from March to July 2022 via Google Forms among Italian language teachers working in different European countries, where Italian is taught as a foreign language, and Italy, where Italian is taught as a second language. The survey was aimed at capturing similarities and differences regarding the use of textbooks in these two teaching contexts. The results showed that the textbook still represents an important teaching tool both in person and via the Internet, mostly in the context of teaching Italian as a foreign language—outside the Italian-speaking area.