Tourist market in Kazakhstan – selected issues

This article concerns the modern tourist market in Kazakhstan. I focused to a large extent on the indications of the tourist industry’s characteristics in this country as well as the potential chances and threats that may be encountered in this area of the economy. The conclusions contained in the publication were based not only on source materials, but also on the author’s personal observations and memories of friends of the traveler. The aim of the article was to draw attention to the unusual tourism richness that can be observed by traveling through this country of Central Asia, as well as changing the stereotypical view of Kazakhstan.

LOCAL LAW IN POLISH AND ITALIAN LEGAL SYSTEMS - CHOSEN ASPECTS

The article analyses regional competences in the area of tourism, comparing Polish and Italian legislative systems. Regional legislative competences in Italy are characterized, in particular with reference to the constitutional reform of 2001 and its consequences for the division of competences between State and regional entities. Tourism is presented as one of the exclusive regional competences in Italy. The legislative competences of the Polish self-governmental region are analysed (own and commissioned). The strategy of the regional development is indicated as one of the legislative acts at the regional level that refers to the area of tourism.

The article shows the fact that the concept of scientific discourse is interpreted as a complex phenomenon that consists of participants in communication, communication situations and the text itself. The conclusion is that discourse is an abstract invariant description of structural and semantic features that are realized in specific texts. Linguists interpret the concept of discourse as a complex communicative phenomenon that includes the speaker and the addressee of the message, the process of proper formation of speech, extralingual factors of communication, social and cultural background. This article presents a critical reading of the text “10 Best places to visit in Ukraine” and its overlook, research study in the field of online tourism promotion, published online in 2021 by one of the world’s largest tourism publishing houses, Touropia. The study aims at revising some of the characteristics of the ongoing tourism discourse through an analysis of the network of people and practices involved in these publications, their textual features and images. The article analyses the way in which various modes to create a virtual brochure with a promotional message from both institutional and commercial positions were combined. In doing this, it studies the organization of the website and its webpage, as well as the lexico-grammatical and visual features of its promotional messages. The analytical framework used includes critical discourse analysis and a corpus-based tool used to interpret different aspects of this tourism discourse. The places advertised as “Top 10” are presented to an all-aged audience that must be interested in discovering new places, appreciated to nature, fond of history and ready to consume national products. Polyparadigmatic nature has led to the active use of these terms in the field of literature, as a result of which scientific studies address issues of artistic concept, artistic discourse, which will always be open to researchers, while not exhausting its relevance.

Academic literature has extensively studied the relationship between classroom attendance and academic performance in higher education. However, there is a lack of specific studies on higher education in tourism. To address this gap, this study investigates the correlation between class attendance and grades achieved by students in the Tourism Degree programme at the University of Zaragoza. The research incorporates variables of interest such as gender, academic year and course repetition, significantly contributing to the proposed predictive model. The subgroup analysis shows that women and students who do not repeat courses exhibit higher attendance rates and achieve better academic outcomes. Class attendance and course repetition are the most influential factors affecting students’ final grades.

Analysis of the Dynamics and Development of the Kaliningrad Tourism Services Market

Tourism affects the enrichment, increase, and build-up of cultural potential, ensures harmony of relations between different states and ethnic groups, forces authorities, public, and social organisations, including commercial companies, to actively participate in the problem-solving of preserving the environment and improving its ecological level. The paper’s aim is to identify the factors determining demand for tourist services and the economic analysis of the tourism sector in Kaliningrad.