Safety as a human right – collective aspect  in statement with individual aspect

Safety is widely understood as a natural human right and has numerous guarantees in international legal acts and in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. As a concept, it has a wide range and many aspects, which makes it difficult to clearly define. Its range includes diverse spheres of individual and social life. In the era of intense interpenetration of private and public life, safety in the individual dimension clashes with its collective aspect. Both public safety and private security are not absolute goods, and the Constitution provides possibility of limiting them. The purpose of the article is whether and to what extent the entity’s ability to use the right to security is affected by restrictions on the use of freedom and constitutional rights, including private security, as provided in art. 31 para. 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland for protection, among others public safety and public order.

On the (un)constitutionality of personal search carried out by the Police

 The text is an analysis of the regulation concerning the personal search carried out by the Police from the perspective of constitutional limitation upon the exercise of freedoms and rights. The judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal led to changes in the Police Act. However, they extended the scope of this power. The article indicates the elements of this regulation which determine its non-compliance with the constitutional conditions for limitation upon the exercise of individual rights and freedoms.