The impacts of constitutional disputes  on the position of President in Mexico

The Constitution of 1917 expressis verbis expressed the constitutional principles of the division of powers in Mexico. In practice, the executive branch had a dominant role. In the eighties, there was a slow economic and political transformation that shaped the formation of the democratic system of the state. The independent judiciary, in particular the position of the Supreme Court of Mexico (SCJN), began to play a special role. An important systemic practice after the 1994 reform was the settlement of constitutional disputes (controversias constitucionales) of executive organs with legislative bodies at both federal and state levels. SCJN became an arbitrator deciding on collisions. A question arises about the scope of influence of constitutional disputes on the political position of the President from the mid-nineties? Based on the analysis of the content of normative acts and taking into account their historical background, one can conclude that – despite the transformation – presidential power still exerts a significant influence on the judiciary in Mexico.

Remarks on the Shaping of the Ombudsman Institution in Poland and Mexico, 1990–2022

The ombudsman institution has become a barometer of implementing the rule of law, democracy and transparency system. Does the fact that the institution of the ombudsman was established in authoritarian countries influence its activities today? This question will be the subject of a comparative analysis of Poland and Mexico, in which there has been a democratic transformation in recent decades. In conclusion, it should be observed that despite the historical and political differences, we are dealing with a similar context and mechanism of functioning of the ombudsman institution. Both countries have an authoritarian past and both underwent a democratic transformation in the 1990s. and both struggle with contemporary forms of authoritarian forms of power.