Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers is a serious educational problem prompting social need for its solution in the school environment. The present research study aims to monitor the current state of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. The study is of a theoretical-empirical nature. At the theoretical level, the issue is relatively little treated in the Slovak professional literature. It is paid more attention by foreign authors. The empirical section of the study presents results of our research conducted in Slovakia in 2016 among teachers of the elementary school second level in the Banská Bystrica and Žilina regions, as well as among professional staff at centres for pedagogical counselling and prevention. The research paid special attention to forms of aggressive behaviour, gender differences and causes of these serious behavioural disorders in pupils. Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers may have a variety of forms of which the verbal form such as back-talking and vulgarisms towards teachers is the most frequent. Gender differences recorded in pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers showed the prevalence of boys. From the aspect of causes of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers, those were mainly improper parenting and a lack of teacher authority.

Suicidal prevention in Poland and Japan. Analysis on the example campaign “Look… I disappearing”, “Sleep Campaign” - “Dad, how did you sleep?”

Japan appears as a distant, modern and highly developed country, as compared to Poland is an economic power. These countries divide ten thousand kilometers, the Land of the Rising Sun is the only place in the world where you can interact with unique culture and modern technology. However, despite the many differences associated with the functioning of both countries, they share many common components, for example those that relate to health care. The suicide problem occurs both in Japan and Poland. There is no single cause of suicide, which is why prevention, protection of the health and lives of citizens is so important. The article includes preventive programs and social campaigns on the example of each state. Social campaign of the Foundation “Zobacz… Jestem”-“Look.. I disappearing” and Campaign Otōsan, genkidesuka? (お父さん、元気ですか) called Sleep Campaing – “Dad, how did you sleep?”, which is implemented in Japan.

The article presents the authors’ methods of determining teenagers’ disposition towards destructive communication, identifies the main types of destructive communication and provides their psychological characteristics. It specifies the correlation between destructive communication and certain personal qualities of teenagers. It also determines the main role of the diagnostics of teenagers’ disposition towards destructive communication as a way of youth extremism prevention in the system of correcting conditions of this type of interactions.

Prenatal exposure of a child to alcohol may cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FAS/FASD). As a result, the affected child may exhibit lower intellect, neurosensory disorders, hyperactivity, executive functions disorder, abstract thinking and behaviour disorders combined with growth disorders and facial dysmorphia. In addition, undiagnosed and untreated children may suffer from serious secondary and tertiary disabilities. The aim of this paper is to provide a research overview of practical information about FAS/FASD syndrome, a presentation of the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code method and a sample of the research results by the first Centre of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of FAS in Slovakia.

The phenomenon of addiction to psychoactive substances is a global social problem. The problem concerns people of all ages, regardless of social status, gender or origin, with too many populations experimenting with intoxicants. The spreading phenomenon is increasingly affecting adolescents who, in the age of development and accessibility, are becoming a frequent consumer of consciousness-changing agents. The aim of the article is to approximate preventive measures that will reduce and eliminate the phenomenon of consumption of psychoactive substances by young people. The publication also addresses the issue of contemporary problems and threats that young people face in everyday life, as well as helps to find out the reasons for the use of toxic substances by adolescents. A significant part of the article is devoted to the role of the family, which plays a preventive role in eliminating the phenomenon. Not without significance is the school environment in which young people spend a significant amount of time. Preventive programs are also presented, which reduce the consumption of narcotic substances by adolescents.

The article highlights the main developments in the study of state fragility in the period between 2015 and 2019. The goal is to cover the main trends in the study of the subject as well as the most prominent projects of recent years. The article presents the main findings and recommendations of different international agencies, including the reports by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, LSE-Oxford Commission on State Fragility, Growth and Development, United States Institute for Peace Fragility Study Group and the Task Force on Extremism in Fragile States. The article covers the main approaches to state fragility, recent academic novelties and trends in the field. Among these is popularizing the notion of resilience in a set of OECD States of Fragility reports. The fragility trap and regarding state fragility as a syndrome with a set of symptoms is analyzed on the basis of the Commission on State Fragility report. The US agencies’ attitude is also taken into account. The preventive approach towards extremism and fragile states as well as the steps to be taken by different agencies together with international partners are covered in this article. Fragility Study Group, the Task Force on Extremism in Fragile States, and Global Fragility Act are analyzed as interconnected and a part of the same doctrine and political strategy towards the four-S framework implementation. The article acknowledges the continuity in the work of different research groups that culminated in the Global Fragility Act. The need to reconsider previous approaches to the root causes of state fragility is emphasized. The importance of coordinated prevention in fragile states and conflict-affected areas is seen as critical for international security. The article also traces recent adjustments in the attitude toward the main gaps in state functions and the views on the root causes of state fragility and ways to combat the issue and the emerging security, political and economic threats.

Social prevention as an activity to intensify mental resilience

Preventive activities prevent emerging social problems, using various methods and tools for work. This article will introduce the idea of conducting social prevention using paintball and survival, as tools for therapeutic work. Social prevention based on the elements of survival has the nature of recreational activities that prepare participants to take action in difficult conditions and to look for ways to deal with their own weaknesses. In research on strengthening mental resilience, I adopt the concept of grounded theory, based on interviews and participant observation. Social prophylaxis with elements of paintball and the art of survival has features that strengthen mental resilience, teach self-confidence and persistence. Movement prophylaxis uses human potential, energy, and verve to make the best use of these elements in the practical experience of life. Physical activity causes positive changes in human functioning and teaches how to react to difficult situations. The aim of the article is to provide research knowledge on the strength of mental resilience from paintball players who organize preventive measures. The developed materials will be used to build an alternative vision of spending free time for children, adolescents, and their parents.

The author addresses cognitively important issues concerning values and activities conducive to their development in the family, which is the basic factor in shaping the personality of a child. We are living in the times of globalization, when the importance of family and values passed on by it are being underestimated in various ways. Globalization has caused an enormous confusion of values. The old, traditional values are often outdated, while the new, incomprehensible ones, interfere with the process of upbringing. Additionally, relativism dominating the society has become the basis for blurring the boundaries between what is moral and what is immoral. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the special role of values in the process of upbringing and to stimulate actions supporting the family through education and prevention. The above considerations lead to the conclusion that the family is an important value in the life of a child. It constitutes their most important environment for development and upbringing. Nevertheless, it requires help and support from the state. But above all, we cannot just be passive witnesses of our children’s development these days.

The paper presents research findings concerning desired parental activities for peer violence prevention. An instrument was created for the purpose of this research, and study sample comprised 480 participants, including 170 parents, 94 teachers and 206 students. Activities perceived as more important were open communication and greater control of children’s behavior, while parents’ participation in school was assessed as less important. The “School without violence” program was recognized as a significant resource for empowering family activities in peer violence prevention. This implies that it is important to implement family support programs and to develop parents’ skills.

Despite the fact that the legislation of the Slovak Republic enables social pedagogues to perform activities in schools, at present the socio-pedagogical work in school is performed to a minimum extent. This contribution aims to highlight its benefit not only in the local but also in the society-wide scale. It specifies in more detail possibilities for activities of a social pedagogue in preventing and dealing with socio-pathological phenomena in the school environment. Its aim is to point out to the necessity of establishing the profession of the social pedagogue in schools as a significant element of professionalisation of prevention of various forms of pupils’ deviant behaviour.

Children’s individual experience gained within families may lead to the development of both prosocial and aggressive behaviours. The aim of the paper is to analyse the phenomenon of aggression in the family environment. Extensive specialist literature indicates that there are often many co-occurring factors that determine child aggression. Children live in a dysfunctional family, in conditions of poverty and parental pathology, experience parental hostility and violence, are neglected, their vital biological and psychological needs are not met, they undergo inadequate upbringing training. They also experience aggression in sibling relations. Thus, the family provides them with comprehensive aggressive education for years. An important issue is to prevent and control aggression in the family. It is not easy and requires actions at three levels: social, individual and family. The article also presents an interesting intervention model in a sibling aggression situation.

Obviously harassment problems are circulated throughout the world. According to Sustainable development goals, ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s crucial for sustainable future. Organizations should talk about past experiences of harassment. The best way to deal with sexual crime is reduce fear of talking about it. Management should demonstrate the importance of this issue, and the victim should not fear being fired or demoted. This issue concerns violence by men against women, women against men, as well as violence against women by women, and men against men. Violence is often driven by a desire for power. This is not only about sexual abuse, but also psychological abuse. All this undoubtedly affects the quality of a person’s work and life. Also government should focus their attention on implement international standards in this sphere. In particular some aspect of these standards had already been adopted in legislation by the government of Ukraine. For sure this is a crucial instrument to prevent sexual crime. However, as reality shows, this does deter neither people nor corporations from infringements. The issue of harassment was especially acute in connection with the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (from 24 February, 2022). The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in force since July 2002, includes rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or “any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity” as a crime against humanity when it is committed in a widespread or systematic way. Women have become particularly vulnerable as men are taken to the front and left alone with the children. They are often subjected to violence by the occupiers. They are vulnerable during traveling abroad as well. Criminals take advantage of this situation and use women for trafficking and sexual exploitation.

Video and Photo Recording of Administrative Offenses by Citizens

The mortgage of effectiveness and prospect of development of democratic transformations to our state is the proper legal adjusting and functioning of institute of participation of public in law-enforcement activity. Bringing in of public to implementation of law-enforcement functions it is an important form of realization of constitutional right citizens on participating in the administrative department of society and state. In this article the affected question that mainly touches the improvement of operationability and objectivity of reacting the National police on offence, and also in future on substantial reduction of offences, perfection of defence of public law and order, realization of preventive activity with bringing in of citizens by means of specially worked out to addition for смартфонів that will have the opportunity to fix offence by means of photo or video and specify the place of potential feasance of offence, and also give to him description and explanation and to hand in an electronic application with electronic digital signature, together with her send fixed and collected information to corresponding organ national police Ukraine for reacting. Study of range of problems. Application of technical devices and technical equipments, that have functions of filming, videotape recording, or facilities of фото- and filming, for jigging of offences were the article of attention of such scientists, as P.P. Artemenko, O.V. Jafarova, T.P. Minka, B.V. Zhukov, et al. However seems expedient to notice that at the same time information from the corresponding range of problems is practically absent and investigated not enough, that in turn predetermines actuality for more deepening research of this select subjects. The purpose of the article is to study and characterize the current legislation of Ukraine regarding video and photo recording of offenses. Providing a proposal on the delegation of preventive police measures to citizens, namely the use of technical devices and technical means that have the functions of filming, video recording, or means of photo and film recording, namely: smartphones, outdoor video surveillance cameras, car video recorders, etc., with the aim of attracting citizens to the protection of law and order and crime prevention. The concepts of law enforcement agency, administrative offense (misdemeanor) and prevention are analyzed. The powers of the National Police in the field of preventive activities are considered and characterized, in particular, the use of technical devices and technical means that have the functions of filming, video recording, or means of photo and film filming, video recording. The analysis of Constitution of Ukraine, laws and scientific publications of represented is conducted in magazines and in a network the internet, with illumination of problem questions, that is related to fixing by means of technical devices and technical equipments, that have functions of filming, videotape recording, or facilities of фото- and filming, videotape recording of offences.

The current study aimed to explore the effect of regulatory Focus – Promotion vs. Prevention – in problem-solving among undergraduate students at The Hashemite University. The hypotheses were that promotion focus students outperform prevention focus students in ill-structured problems but underperform them in well-structured problems, and prevention focus students outperform promotion focus students in well-structured problems but underperform them in ill-structured problems. The participants (n=170) were allocated into four groups according to their mindsets and the problems assigned to them (promotion with ill-structured problems, promotion with well-structured problems, prevention with ill-structured problems, prevention with well-structured problems). After the groups solved all the assigned problems, their work was scored according to Measuring Problem Solving Instrument MPSI. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that the regulatory focus affects how problems are solved.

This study aimed to review the literature on anorexia prevention programmes targeting the general population and populations at risk and to describe the programmes selected for the review. Methods: The review was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines. The following digital databases were explored: PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. 412 records, including 92 full-length research articles, were critically analysed. Fourteen studies that met all inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Results: Most studies described prevention programmes for adolescents or young adults. The majority of the reviewed programmes targeted girls and young women. General and selective prevention programmes were the predominant types of interventions. The evaluated programmes differed considerably in content, modality, and duration. All of the reviewed studies have been published in the last 18 years. Conclusions: Further research is needed to develop anorexia prevention programmes that are more effective, deliver more lasting outcomes, and can be applied in various populations. Methods supporting the broad implementation of such programmes should also be identified.

The article deals with the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime as well as with the problem of crime against juveniles. The author presents official statistics since 2006, on the numbers of offences committed by juveniles in the Slovak Republic, as well as on the numbers of convicted young persons serving their sentence and the term of their sentence. It also gives details of crime against juveniles in the Slovak Republic. The article is an interim output of the project VEGA No. 1/0168/12 Professionalization of Prevention of Socio-pathological Behaviour in School in the SR from the aspect of the profession of social pedagogue – the current state, problems and comparison with foreign countries.

The attention of this contribution is paid to the prehistory, history and the present time situation of social pedagogy in our country and abroad. Social pedagogy must now solve numerous problems that have remained unsolved over its more than 150-year-long history. It is about the subject’s elaboration, terminology, clarification of its relation to different sciences, specification of contemporary problems that have priority, and the professiogram of social pedagogues.

The contribution presents the probation and mediation service in the Slovak Republic. With regard to the growth of criminality there appeared a need to change the penal policy. Probation and mediation is an effective means of help associated with prevention and implementation of penal justice. One of the possibilities to employ a social pedagogue is just in the frame of probation and mediation services.

Preventive Competence of Students of Pedagogy in the Light of Scientific Research

The article deals with issues related to preventive competences. In the introduction, an attempt was made to define preventive competences, and then the methodological assumptions of the tests, The theoretical and cognitive goal of the presented research was to diagnose the preventive competences of teaching faculty students in Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. The practical and implementation goal was to develop practical recommendations for educating preventive teachers in Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. The main problem for which answers were sought was contained in the question: What are the competences of pedagogy students in teaching faculties? Specific problems: 1. What knowledge do students have about preventive measures? 2. What skills in preventive interventions do students have? 3. What experience do students have in the field of preventive measures? The research used the diagnostic survey method. The Preventive Competence Questionnaire (PCQ) was used, prepared by Sławomir Śliwa. Data analysis was developed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 19 statistical program. The research group consisted of 144 students from Poland (students of the Academy of Management and Administration in Opole) and 207 students from Slovakia (students of the University of Prešov in Prešov) and 39 students from Ukraine (students from the State Pedagogical University in Berdyansk). The research results show what level of knowledge and what level of skills in the field of preventive competences future teachers have. The article indicates areas of knowledge and skills that were rated the lowest and the highest. Finally, practical tips on educating future preventive teachers are included.