The contemporary study of careers requires taking into consideration multicontextual changes in the world of work, which make individuals face new challenges. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the numerous transformations taking place in the contemporary reality, including in the world of work, which influence people’s professional career, the significance attributed to it and the success achieved through it. This article presents the results of own research concerning career success as perceived from the perspective of academic students from Poland. Particular attention was paid to two aspects of this issue: its objective and subjective nature, as well as the assessment of own chances for achieving it within one’s career path. The results of the studies prove, that the surveyed youth perceives success in a career in a subjective manner, but that its objective dimension is also important for the academic students, and that the vast majority take a positive attitude towards their own professional future. The resulting empirical material may carry important implications for the educational practice.

In the years since Ukraine’s independence, attention has been paid to defense capability of the country, but reforming the national defense sector has been falling behind current needs. The Ukrainian course towards the European community and NATO membership predetermines the advancement of all spheres of public life, including training of officer personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, its education and career progress. The reform of military education requires introducing new academic programs that permit training modern-type officers - military managers, who can constructively interpret theoretical materials, the experience of domestic and foreign scientists and implement them in their practical activities. Against the backdrop of the reform of military education, one of the most important tasks of higher military education involves not only training highly-qualified specialists but also the conformity of their knowledge with international standards that will allow them to be competitive both at the domestic and international labor markets and be compatible with NATO partners. The introduction of practical management experience as management methodology for the relevant system into military medicine will drive the formation of the requirements for organizing the training of specifically qualified personnel. The training of a manager and leader under the dictatorship (authoritarian) principle is passing into history; there is a need for a military manager as a prototype of an intelligent and wise leader. With the advent and expansion of such a control system as management, the following question has arisen sporadically: what is the difference between management and administration? The objective of management is to increase the profitability of business and production activities, i.e., gaining profit. The objective of administration, in particular, state or public, is to regulate social relations, which would be convenient and beneficial to the use of business and all citizens of the state in their day-to-day operations. Management objectives prescribe the features of management methodology which relies on the guiding principle: public administration adopts methodology and action procedure, which is defined by current legislation, and management adopts methodology and action procedure, which is not prohibited by law. Consequently, military administration is close to public administration in terms of the mentioned methodological principle since it is regulated by statutory acts and the system of orders allowed by the relevant laws in force. Thus, heightened attention to the enhancement of military administration is more important than using the terms “military management” and “military manager” within the system of military administration.

The article deals with the problem of qualification advancement of civil servants in Ukraine. The article reveals the problems connected with qualification advancement of the employees of the state authorities. The article outlines the main directions of formation of the current effective system of professional development of civil servants. It was found that the mechanisms of the system of vocational training, which are used in foreign countries, mainly do not vary from the domestic tools of professional development (e.g., workplace training, on-the-job training (lectures, seminars, workshops, interdepartmental trainings), group training, distance learning), but their application in practice has certain peculiarities. Reform requires a high level of qualification and professional uniformity of the management apparatus, which will enable to provide a professional basis for the constitutional uniformity of the system of power, as well as the transition (vertical, horizontal, interdepartmental, etc.) of public servants. The establishment of systemic and innovative thinking of public servants is considered to be a new challenge of today’s realities. It should be noted that “professionalism of a public servant is intended to ensure the proper performance of duties, stability of public service, the ability to solve complex problems and the ability and readiness to improve their qualification. The main criteria of professionalism of a public servant can include: Availability of high education; competence (knowledge, skills and abilities) in performance of duties; availability of practical work experience; discipline, responsibility; accurate adherence to the law; political neutrality; organizational, managerial skills, initiative, creativity; ability and inclination to work in the service career; social protection, as well as psychological, moral and ethical qualities”. At the same time, the character and nature of performance of duties by public servants require them to have not only basic organizational and managerial skills, competence and initiative in fulfilling the assigned tasks, but also high human qualities: orderliness, self-control, modesty and self-criticism, sense of responsibility for the entrusted task, concern for state and public interests. Professionalism is the main qualitative category of a public servant, which determines the efficiency of work and his career.

The article aims to make a critical reflection, theoretical and practical, on the school and its functioning in the context of shaping the desired competences among graduates that distinguish them on the labour market. It is a strong impression that young people in the Polish classroom system still play the role of passive recipients of educational services rather than independent creators. Thus, there is a clear need to create high-quality bridges between the areas of pedagogical support for students in their educational and professional choices and the labour market and employers’ space in Poland. Education “ever anew” is the one that continually changes, adjusts its forms and contents to the changing socio-economic reality, creates a new quality focused on an individual and demanding recipient. The introduction takes the form of a brief reflection on the current dynamics of educational and professional life and the competences that will be needed in the future. The next section presents selected contexts and the diversity of the conditions of educational spaces in Poland. The summary contains inspiration for selected aspects of the future of education, such as the concept of learning in cyber parks and the use of “creative confidence” in learning.

Introduction: This paper focuses on providing social care to a close relative. It is crucial in social services. Design: qualitative methodology – method of semi-structured interviews. Methods: respondents were selected to satisfy specific criteria. Particularly, these criteria were the care of a close relative who was assigned level III or IV care benefits. Another criterion according to which we selected respondents was that the carer belonged to the age group in which a person is still usually economically active. The research sample consisted of 6 respondents. Results: Based on the data analysis, we created categories to present the content of semi-structured interviews. Needs focusing on the body carried over into maintenance of one’s own physical and mental health are: the need for safety, the need for acceptance, the need for acknowledgement and respect, and the need for self-fulfilment and perspective. Conclusions: It is important to identify the care of a close relative, the specifics and needs, in the interests of configuring effective management of medical, psychological and social care, and creation of a system of social protection.

Employability, understood as a set of achievements – skills, knowledge, personal qualities – that make graduates employable and successful in their profession, is more and more often a subject of research, both in the context of improving the educational offer of universities, as well as examining the quality of life and professional satisfaction of graduates. Employability is differentiated from employment – the state of having a job. In today’s unstable job market where temporary contracts and protean-type careers dominate – equipping graduates with the resources to effectively change or modify their career path is crucial. The paper aims to present the psychometric proprieties of a Polish adaptation of the A. Rothwell and Arnold Self-Perceived Employability Scale. The final version consists of 9 items and has good psychometric properties. The study of the perceived employability of students provides important knowledge regarding the graduates’ competencies, and it is an important factor in modifying the educational offer at universities and planning graduates’ satisfying careers in the contemporary unstable job market.